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IPTV set-top box statusAt present, in the promotion process of IPTV, the set-top box is generally given to the user by the operator. However, due to cost considerations, the operator gives the user a basic product with simple functions, so the upgrade of the product is difficult and difficult to adapt. Future advanced applications. This kind of "machine-card-in-one" mode IPTV set-top box is more suitable for bundled operation, which requires operators to invest a lot of money, but also brings the embarrassment of hardware terminal enterprises. In addition, because different operators use different authentication systems, they must use matching set-top boxes. Consumers can only passively accept set-top boxes provided by operators. To watch programs from different operators, you may need to purchase multiple set-top boxes. This is obviously unrealistic for end users.
IPTV card separation operation mode
The meaning of the card separation technology is that the IPTV access device (set top box) is independent of the CA card and its software (card). The two are connected through an interface product, and the IPTV set-top box reserves this general interface. Before the CA smart card is inserted, the basic functions of all IPTV set-top boxes are the same. The CA smart card is first plugged into the reserved interface on the IPTV set-top box. After the corresponding identity authentication and registration, the corresponding program or solution is solved. Enjoy the registered service. On the surface, because users use CA smart cards to increase access costs, but because of the shackles of CA, reducing the use and manufacturing costs of operators and manufacturers, and ultimately will bring lower user access costs. Due to the operation mechanism of machine card separation, the hardware functions of the set-top box products are unified, which makes the set-top box manufacturers break the bottleneck of scale production, making the set-top box a universal product and mass production. Operators also do not need to customize the set-top box, which reduces the burden and can concentrate on the provision of services, thus forming a dual-engine operation mode of “operator + manufacturerâ€. In addition, since the CA smart card is an optional product, users can freely purchase the personalized service they need and choose the right carrier. In short, if the IPTV card separation standard can be formulated and implemented, the entire industry will be forced to full market competition, break through the current industrial bottleneck, and inject new vitality into the IPTV industry.
IPTV card separation solution
At present, there are three schemes of PCMCIA interface technology, USB interface technology, and smart card technology that can be used for IPTV card separation.
PCMCIA interface technology
This is based on interface technology standards in the mid-1990s. With the continuous development of chip technology and the decline in price, the number of interface pins of the CA card becomes the key to its cost. Obviously, the 68 pin design of the PCMCIA interface violates this cost principle. Due to the high cost, large number of pins and poor reliability of the PCMCIA interface, this so-called "mature" technology is now being phased out in foreign countries and forced to withdraw from the historical stage. PCMCIA International announced that by 2007, PCMCIA's original parallel standard interface PC-Card completely replaced the IPTV card separation scheme design with the new standard Express-Card.
USB interface technology
The machine card separation scheme based on USB2.0 interface was proposed by Tsinghua University in cooperation with 32 enterprises across the country in 2002 with the support of the Ministry of Information Industry. USB2.0 technology supports 480Mbit/s bandwidth, and it is easy to implement high-definition TV transmission. It can easily realize value-added services of various networks. Almost all IT products, digital home appliances and mobile phones use USB as a standard configuration. After only a few years of development, USB technology has been far ahead of other interfaces in terms of product and market scale. It is far more mature than PCMCIA interface in terms of reliability and compatibility. The most important thing is the USB interface. The 4-wire system has an incomparable cost advantage over the PCMCIA interface. In addition, since the high-speed serial technology represented by the USB interface is becoming the mainstream of the industry, there are many technicians engaged in USB project development, which has laid a solid technical foundation for the development of USB technology.
Smart card technology
A smart card is an integrated circuit chip with storage, encryption and data processing capabilities embedded in a plastic substrate and packaged in the form of a card. The IC smart card integrates a central processing unit CPU, a program memory ROM, a data memory EEPROM and a RAM, and the general ROM is also equipped with a card operating system software COS (Chip Operating System). The microprocessor on the IC card can execute the COS monitoring program, receive commands and data sent from the reader, and control access to the memory after analyzing the commands. Because of the intelligence of the card, the reader operates the card through the COS on the card, so the confidentiality is stronger; and the microprocessor has the data processing and processing capabilities to perform logical and arithmetic operations on the read/write data. These features of the IC smart card are very suitable for identity authentication, and can be used as an implementation solution for IPTV card separation. However, since the IC smart card interface is not common with current IT products, the actual promotion is difficult. Through the discussion of the current three kinds of IPTV card separation schemes, it can be seen that the PCMCIA interface scheme is already eliminated technology, and the prospect is not optimistic; the USB interface has good versatility, and the future prospect is broad; the IC smart card chip technology is suitable Identity authentication, but the interface is not as common as the USB interface. Since the industry has not had a unified understanding of the standards for IPTV card separation, most of the set-top box manufacturers have adopted a wait-and-see attitude. How to solve the problem that the IPTV card separation interface is not unified has become the focus of the IPTV industry today.
IPTV card separation
Through the above analysis of the current card separation scheme, it can be seen that the USB interface and the IC smart card interface scheme are more suitable at present. The USB interface uses a 4-wire system. In addition to the power and ground lines, there are two D+ and D-data lines for transmitting serial data. The IC smart card interface uses a 6-wire system. In addition to the power and ground lines, there is also a clock. (CLK), reset (RST), programming (Vpp), serial data (I/O) 4 lines, and the product voltage line (Vpp) is generally not used for the market, so IC smart cards usually only have 5 lines in use. . By analyzing the signals on the two interfaces, it is entirely possible to make the two interface schemes compatible on the set-top box, so that the set-top box can automatically recognize the USB authentication card and the IC authentication card. The specific scheme is shown in Figure 1. The external interface of the set-top box can be borrowed from the IEEE1394 6-wire interface form, and the interface line function definition of the authentication card end is as shown in FIG. 2. When the USB card is inserted into the set-top box, the PDIUSBD12 (USB control chip) will automatically recognize that it is USB plug-in. At the same time, p1.0 and p1.1 on the 80C51 send RST and CLK signals, but the IC card is not received in p1.2. The response coding sequence can be judged as a USB card by the above two items, and then the p1.0~p1.3 port of the IC card signal can be shielded by the 80C51 command. When the IC card is inserted into the set-top box, since the D+ floating on the PDIUSBD12 (USB control chip) has no signal, it cannot work normally. At the same time, p1.0 and p1.1 on 80C51 send RST and CLK signals, and receive the response code sequence of the IC card in p1.2, so that it can be judged that the IC card is inserted, and then the PDIUSBD12 can be sent through p1.7. (USB control chip) shielding signal. The IPTV set-top box card separation solution proposed above may not be the best solution, but when the current IPTV card separation interface standard is not yet clear, this may be a relatively feasible solution for set-top box manufacturers and operators. Program.
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