How is the battery life of mobile devices extended?

Abstract: Battery life is one of the core competencies in the mobile computing market. This involves two aspects: one is how long the system can support after each charge, and the other is the charging cycle of the system during the life of the product. Can provide consistent use ability. By combining a 2S battery pack with a highly integrated voltage conversion strategy supported by the DA9312, it is possible to halve the PCB area compared to existing discrete solutions and potentially halve the component count and PCB height.

The mobile computing market is developing very rapidly, and various manufacturers are competing fiercely for market share. One of the key points of competition is battery life, which involves two aspects: one is how long the system can support after each charge, and the other is that the system provides consistent performance during each charge cycle of the product's useful life. Ability to use (Figure 1).

Mobile computing internal computing components are now widely used in applications ranging from wearables to notebooks (Figure 2), but battery capacity and component development speeds are not the same, so manufacturers are exploring various methods for batteries. Configure to get as much power as possible from existing battery technology. Collaborative optimization of battery configuration and system architecture provides a avenue for manufacturers to provide greater power efficiency and thus longer battery life.

A major current issue is the high power requirements of today's processors and system-on-chip (SoC) chips under low voltage conditions, which can result in high peak current demands. The time required for the maximum current may be short, but it has a large effect on how long the system can be operated on a single charge and the total service life.

Today's SoCs force system designers to choose high current discharge rates in their battery solutions. The need to increase the energy efficiency of SoCs has prompted them to reduce the core voltage - which has now dropped significantly below 1V. In general, buck converters that supply these devices have higher operating efficiency when the input-to-output voltage ratio is low, which makes the low-voltage battery configuration appear to provide lower power losses, helping to ensure that the system is charged once. Run longer. However, using a low supply voltage will cause the battery pack to supply more current.

Repeated power loss at high discharge rates can significantly reduce the effective capacity of the battery. To this end, battery manufacturers have advised on the maximum discharge rate of their products at specified cycle life.

At 2A average discharge current, the battery can be filled with more than 95% of its rated capacity after 500 charge and discharge cycles. At an average discharge current of 20A, the effective capacity drops to only 70%, limiting battery life. In older designs, the battery can often be replaced. However, manufacturers are increasingly inclined to use embedded batteries that are not easily replaceable because they want to provide users with a longer charge run time.

Embedded battery solutions offer manufacturers more ways to increase the extra battery capacity of their products. Some reversible tablet designs embed batteries in multiple locations on the tablet and keyboard modules to provide a higher total capacity than using a single removable battery pack. As a result, the capacity of embedded battery solutions in the life cycle is becoming increasingly important.

The arrangement of the battery cells determines the output voltage and peak current rating, and thus the battery configuration is often expressed in terms of the arrangement of the battery cells. The battery cells may be connected in parallel (p), where the total peak current output is equal to the output of one cell multiplied by the number of cells in the parallel wiring. The 2P configuration effectively doubles the current. Conversely, in series (s) wiring, the output voltage will increase and the 2S configuration will double the output voltage. Some systems (especially laptops) use mixed wiring, such as a 3S2P configuration. Smaller systems often use 1S, 2S or 3S wiring.

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