Introduction: The automotive market, like other industries, competes for innovation. Over the past 100 years, following this unchanging truth, “the car without a horse†has evolved into one of the most practical and ubiquitous tools in the world today. Cars have long been considered mechanical, but recent innovations have turned cars into more and more electronic systems. An obvious example is the rapid electrification of cars. Another point that is also very striking is the iterative update of the infotainment system, which evolved from a simple radio and tape drive to a powerful in-vehicle infotainment system (AIS) with advanced driving. With the introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), the enhanced electronic security system further protects the driver.
In the past decade, part of the main innovation source of the automotive market has not come from the automotive market itself, but from the consumer electronics market. The rapid rise of smartphones has forced automakers to quickly switch to new devices that have become very popular in a short period of time. Since the 1950s, in-vehicle infotainment systems have been limited to radios, tapes, and CDs. Although some navigation and "infotainment" systems introduced people's lives from the iPhone released in 2007, they were very limited in function and expensive.
The entry of smartphones has subverted the usual form of automotive systems, introducing a new platform and application industry system for automotive products, and automakers have no control over these. Key apps, such as Google Maps, enable route planning navigation using the phone's built-in GPS to give drivers a revolutionary driving experience. The form of entertainment has also changed. Instead of listening to the radio, or repeating the few songs on the CD, the driver can now play millions of songs in a custom playlist. The challenge from smartphones has accelerated the revolution that has already begun in the automotive industry. Car entertainment systems continue to evolve in the direction of in-vehicle infotainment systems, not only to provide entertainment experiences, but also to implement notification functions.
At the same time, car manufacturers are also developing new ways to protect users. ADAS includes a range of solutions such as automatic braking, lane detection and eagle-eye parallel parking systems that use advanced technology and processing capabilities to further protect driver safety.
In order to implement AIS and ADAS solutions, automakers are turning their attention to the mobile field. The processors and systems used in smartphones are ideal for implementing these solutions because both cars and smartphones have stringent requirements for device size, power consumption, and a wider temperature range. In addition, the output of these devices ensures that automakers can design on a platform that is inexpensive.
Of course, there are also many challenges on this development path. Cars and smartphones have very different design cycles (more than 3 years and 9-18 months). Because of this factor, when a smartphone processor platform is at the end of its life, the car system designed around it may just be on the market. Video is also a problem. Smartphones typically have two video inputs to support the front and rear cameras. An AIS or ADAS solution may receive and analyze video from four or more cameras and other sensors.
In the next decade, automotive products will have more cameras and screens, and the demand for higher performance processors in advanced automotive systems will only intensify. Given the benefits, automakers are likely to continue to experiment with existing mobile processors to meet these needs. This has created a market for solutions that provide the flexibility needed to help automakers push mobile processors as application processors to the automotive market.
FPGAs are particularly well suited for this type of bridging application. Modern FPGAs offer the flexibility you need while delivering cost-effective, low-power, and high-performance features. In particular, FPGAs can help solve the problem of video input, output and interconnect mismatch in modern cars, reducing costs and speeding time-to-market. Lattice Semiconductor offers a wide range of automotive grade FPGAs and ASSPs, including selected solutions that are compliant with the AEC-Q100 specification. These solutions will become increasingly important as today's AIS systems have become the cornerstone of the ADAS system that will drive the future of automated vehicles.
First, information entertainment applications
The Tesla Model S was launched in 2012 and features a number of innovative features, one of which is a 17-inch infotainment touchscreen in a centrally controlled area. It is worth noting that it does not have physical control buttons. In addition to the core driving components, all other modules, including HVAC, entertainment and information systems, are stuffed into this huge touch screen.
Tesla's centrally controlled display is striking because of its all-encompassing size, which is a natural result of the increasing number of displays inside the cabin. For the first time, the video display is the display of the in-vehicle infotainment system in the central control area. Since then, they have gradually been applied to the back of the seat to provide an entertaining experience for the rear passengers. Now, they are further developed into digital dashboards and heads-up displays.
When the display and camera first appear on the car, the purpose is very simple, which is to help the driver see the rear of the car when reversing. Since then, the roles of these two devices have become more and more abundant. In today's cars, the camera can be used to analyze the surrounding environment and information of the car and generate augmented reality content for display on the heads-up display. In some models, the rearview mirrors on both sides of the body have disappeared, replaced by cameras hidden in the body, which reduces windage and improves fuel efficiency.
As the number of cameras and displays connected to AIS has soared, it has become increasingly difficult to apply mobile processor platforms to these systems. Most smartphones have two cameras, a main rear camera and a front camera for video calls. However, when the mobile processor is applied to the automotive field, only two inputs are insufficient due to the presence of multiple cameras.
The second challenge is how to deal with the video interface. Cell phone processors typically only have one DSI output for display, but most car displays use the LVDS interface, which is not supported by many mobile processors.
Lattice Infotainment Solutions
FPGAs can help automotive infotainment systems address these challenges, support pre-processing video signals for custom resolutions, bridge all types of interfaces throughout the vehicle, and work as serializer/deserializers (SERDES) to drive multiple video outputs. Display.
CrossLink
CrossLink is the world's first programmable ASSP, a powerful solution that enables multiple camera or sensor inputs to be aggregated into a single high-speed input to an application processor. It supports MIPI, CSI-2, subLVDS, LVDS, HiPSI, LVCMOS and output interfaces. It can also be used as a deserializer to allow video from a single output source to be transmitted to multiple screens separately. The combination of pASSP and PLD enables maximum flexibility/integration.
ECP5 FPGA
The ECP5 FPGA is a hybrid interface bridging solution that enables video bridges between DSI or FPD-Link outputs of mobile application processors and LVDS or embedded DisplayPort (eDP) interfaces on most automotive displays.
The ECP5 can be used in a variety of infotainment scenarios, including splitting a video output to two rear display screens and tailoring and formatting the video for a specific video resolution.
MHL/HDMI
At the video input, Lattice Semiconductor offers a variety of ASSP solutions for the automotive market, enabling mobile phones to connect to cars via MHL or HDMI for content sharing.
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