With the continuous advancement of human society, people's perfect pursuit of material life and spiritual life, the world of modern lighting technology has been widely accepted and applied. Lighting has become one of the important symbols of modern civilization in a city and region. . According to the spirit of the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Construction, and the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision's "Opinions on Further Promoting China's Green Lighting Projects", energy conservation and environmental protection, as an important industrial policy of China, will definitely have important realities for infrastructure and renovation projects. Guiding significance.
At present, China is in the process of welcoming the green Olympics and improving the medical treatment environment. It will introduce green and efficient lighting products in a timely manner, effectively improve energy efficiency, protect the environment, improve lighting quality in new construction and renovation projects, and integrate with modernization and internationalization. Creating a good medical and rehabilitation environment is imperative. The choice of hospital lighting design and lighting products is to maximize the function of the hospital; directly or indirectly serve the medical function. Under the circumstances of fully considering the characteristics of the hospital environment and lighting characteristics, pay attention to the scientific selection of the core components of lighting appliances, the quality of lighting, operating costs, building safety, medical staff efficiency, medical equipment testing data after hospital use. Diagnostic conclusions and vital effects on the pollution of the power grid and personal injury. Medical testing and diagnostic findings directly affect the patient's treatment and health; therefore, should be given high priority.
At present, the indoor lighting source is mainly fluorescent lamps; the lighting has two ways: an inductive ballast and an electronic ballast. The following is a comprehensive comparison of the use of high-performance electronic ballasts with magnetic ballasts and common electronic ballasts:
First, compared with the magnetic ballast:
1. High efficiency and energy saving:
The magnetic ballast operates at a frequency of 50 Hz.
The operating frequency of the electronic ballast is 20~50KHZ, and the luminous efficiency of the lamp is increased by 10% compared with the power frequency at high frequency. Therefore, the brightness of the electronic ballast is higher than that of the magnetic ballast; the electronic ballast itself consumes less power. For example, in the same brightness, the electronic ballast saves about 20~30% compared with the magnetic ballast. In the case of the magnetic ballast, the indoor temperature rise is increased, and the electricity cost for the air conditioning to be cooled in summer is not counted. The general lighting of the hospital accounts for about 70%. The use of high-performance electronic ballasts can save 2 to 3 months of electricity bills than high-quality magnetic ballasts, which can gradually recover the cost of lamps and reduce the operating costs of the property.
2, comfortable:
Inductive ballasts can produce stroboscopic phenomena, working in this environment, learning visual fatigue. It is easy to produce illusions on rotating objects at high speed, and there are hidden dangers. At the same time, the magnetic ballast emits 50HZ low-frequency noise, which is irritating. The otolaryngology listening room should use electronic ballasts when using fluorescent lighting to prevent misdiagnosis. When using fluorescent lamps in the ward and waiting room, it is not advisable to use magnetic ballasts, mainly considering stroboscopic and noise. Discomfort. The use of electronic ballasts can eliminate stroboscopic and protect eyesight. The market-oriented student eye-protection lamps are designed and manufactured with electronic ballasts equipped with three primary color lamps. High-performance electronic ballast without stroboscopic, no noise, eye protection, and use with three primary color lamps, good color rendering, vivid color; high luminous efficiency; low light decay; comfort; purification work, study, living environment Improve work efficiency and benefit patients' rehabilitation; especially suitable for places with high color rendering requirements such as wards and examination rooms.
3. Security:
Due to its large power consumption, the magnetic ballast converts electricity into heat energy, and the surface temperature rises. Especially when the voltage fluctuation of the power grid is high, the temperature can reach 120~130 °C, which becomes a fire hazard. Such accidents occur.
The magnetic ballast starts normal operation above +10 °C, and it is difficult to start below -5 °C; the grid voltage is lower than 180V and it is difficult to start normally; because it can not be started once, it is easy to damage the cathode of the lamp and shorten the life of the lamp.
The inductance ballast has a low power factor of about 0.4~0.6, which causes a large amount of reactive power to increase the lighting line current and transformer capacity, thereby greatly increasing the line and transformer losses, increasing the power loss and reducing the lighting quality. The operation of the grid poses a threat. After the compensation capacitor is installed, the harmonic current is obviously increased, which causes interference and harm to the power grid and other instruments in the network. High-performance electronic ballast power factor ≥ 0.97, only about 3% of reactive power loss, reactive power saving more than 45%; small harmonic content, the input current waveform distortion is small, almost no pollution to the power grid; and can reduce power supply Capacity expansion of equipment. The electronic ballast adapts to the wide voltage working range and can work normally in the environment of -10 °C ~ +50 °C, safe and highly reliable.
The high-performance electronic ballast has a protective effect on the lamp. The number of lamp switches can reach more than 10,000 times. The lamp head has no obvious blackening. In addition to ensuring the nominal life of the lamp, it can extend the life of the lamp by 1.3 to 1.5 times.
4. Environmental protection:
Inductive ballasts generate transient high-voltage pulses due to the use of mechanical starters, which can interfere with home appliances and other electrical equipment. With the use of magnetic ballasts, the voltage is too high, too low will shorten the life of the lamp, and the waste of waste lamp recycling will cause mercury leakage and bring secondary pollution. High-performance electronic ballasts extend the life of the lamp, saving the cost and labor of frequent lamp replacement, which is economical and environmentally friendly.
To sum up, for the new construction and renovation projects, the magnetic ballast should be completely negated under the conditions of project capital operation and economic conditions.
Second, the comparison of ordinary electronic ballasts
Electronic ballast is a high-tech product developed on the basis of electronic "ballast" technology and transistor switching power supply technology. It is a specific product application of lamp electronics. It integrates optical, electrical and magnetic technologies into one, the main technology. The problem is function and reliability. It is developed to meet national standards and is suitable for domestic consumption. It is more difficult to have market competitiveness and good cost performance. Since the electronic ballasts have been in the market for more than ten years, they have received widespread attention due to their high efficiency, no stroboscopic, no noise, and have developed rapidly. However, due to the quality of the products, there are many problems in function and reliability: power Low factor, high harmonic content, poor electromagnetic compatibility; low output power, low lamp brightness, low energy efficiency, high power consumption, high temperature, especially short service life, large area group lights, serious pollution to the power grid; Mutual self-excitation, resulting in damage to the ballast, causing great losses to consumers; seriously damaging the overall image of the electronic ballast; causing the electronic ballast to save electricity and not have the bad effect of saving money. In recent years, the principle of electronic ballasts and the development and production level of electronic components have been improved overall, and many excellent products have emerged in China. The hospital has many instruments and equipment (including cardiac pacemakers) that are highly sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances. The electromagnetic environment belongs to Class A industrial environment, so electromagnetic compatibility design must be provided in the selection of lighting electrical ballasts. Ordinary high power factor electronic ballasts are not suitable for use because they have no electromagnetic compatibility design, high harmonic content, and easy interference with medical equipment. The choice of using electronic ballasts in hospitals should focus on its function and reliability, focusing on whether it is certified by EMC and has good electromagnetic compatibility. Electromagnetic compatibility design is to limit the emission voltage of electromagnetic disturbance of electrical and electronic equipment or systems within the allowable voltage range to protect the electromagnetic environment (including the power network), and to have the ability to not degrade the operating performance in the electromagnetic disturbance environment. . Electromagnetic compatibility consists of electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) and electromagnetic disturbance (EMI). Electromagnetic disturbances are formed by radio disturbances, harmonic currents, voltage fluctuations, and flicker. The electromagnetic disturbance wave emits an electromagnetic disturbance wave to the surrounding space by transmitting a disturbance power supply network along the power line.
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