In 1980, General Liu Huaqing, then deputy chief of staff, visited the US aircraft carrier. The US military refused to let us touch the facilities on the aircraft carrier on the grounds of confidentiality.
After returning to China, General Liu Li Li Hongzhi: "If China does not build an aircraft carrier, I will not be blind." Today, China's first domestic aircraft carrier was launched!
Under the "guard" of the six tugboats, China's first domestic aircraft carrier was completely unloaded and put into the embrace of the sea.
The aircraft carrier has docked at the dock after it has been removed from the dock. In the next step, system equipment commissioning and armoring will be carried out as planned, and mooring tests will be carried out in full.
The launching ceremony of the second aircraft carrier in China was held in Dalian. This marks a major milestone in China's independent design and construction of aircraft carriers. Next, the aircraft carrier will carry out system equipment commissioning and armoring construction as planned, and carry out mooring tests in full.
It can be predicted that China's third aircraft carrier will soon or will flash public view. By then, China will have three aircraft carriers, forming a basic pattern of combat readiness patrols, one for training and one for shipyard maintenance.
In addition to the aircraft carrier, the construction of other ships in the Chinese Navy is also in progress. In the foreseeable future, the Chinese Navy aircraft carrier battle group will consist of an aircraft carrier, two 055 Aegis destroyers, two 052D Aegis destroyers, two to four Type 057 frigates, and one to two 093B nuclear-powered attack submarines. To the "dream combination" of two 40,000-ton 901 large supply ships.
From the news that construction began in 2013, it was officially launched this year, and it only took more than three years. From a global perspective, the construction of an aircraft carrier often takes more than six years. The speed of China's construction is surprising at home and abroad.
The greatest symbolic significance of the launch of the first domestic aircraft carrier is that China has sufficient financial and military skills to independently design and build such a complex and sophisticated military system.
The displacement is about 50,000 tons
Some experts speculated that the first national production aircraft carrier standard displacement is 55,000 tons, and the full-load displacement is about 67,000 tons. Generally speaking, the aircraft carrier is divided according to the displacement, and between 30,000 and 60,000 tons is a medium-sized aircraft carrier, including Russia's "Kuznetsov" and France's "Daogaile".
Stealth design
Li Jie, a naval military expert, said that compared with the Liaoning ship, the shipyard of the first domestic aircraft carrier should have no small changes. It is an irresistible trend to adopt invisible design, adjust the layout of electronic equipment, and improve space utilization.
Cao Weidong, a researcher at the Naval Military Academic Research Institute, also believes that "the shape should take some stealth measures, such as the hull and the island to minimize the horizontal and vertical right angle sides; the island is designed as the lower half V-shaped upper and lower V, the middle width up and down Narrow shape; chimneys, masts, antennas using radar absorbing materials, etc."
More than 600 years ago, Zheng He led a huge fleet of ships across the Straits of Malacca, opening a harmonious journey of traveling to the West and spreading friendship. More than 600 years later, the Chinese aircraft carrier fleet will be spread all over the world. Our mission is also to spread friendship and maintain peace. Going deep blue, we are coming!
Let's explore a problem:
Which is the world's strongest industrial country?
Which is the world's largest industrial country? Is it the United States? Is it Germany? Is it Japan? Is it Russia? No, you don't have to look around. The answer is the country you are standing at, and China.
I know that many people in China are eager to invest in Europe, or in Germany. They will say that they will be inherited for a hundred years, and they will say that they are extremely precise. I also admit that in some areas, the European products that have accumulated over a long period of time are indeed better than us. Use a lot, but if you only see these, then I can only say that those who are blindly worshipped do not understand the most essential things of industrialization.
What is industrialization? In essence, industrialization is the use of machine-made machines. The question is, who designed the machines that made the machines? Who is it to build? Who is the ultimate operator? It is a person!
Scale of great history
When you look at the entire industrial age with a larger time scale, ten years, twenty years, or even fifty years, you will understand that the ultimate decision of an industrialized society is still the industrial population.
Whether in the United States and the Soviet Union, Germany, Germany, or any industrial society, the industrial population not only directly determines the size of the industrial economy, but also the complexity of the industrial system, or the degree of sophistication. Because the development trend of modern industry is more and more detailed division of labor, products are more and more complex, and more and more basic accessories. To ensure the normal operation of the industry, it is impossible to lock the process in the library and hope to check it when it is used. Even if you find that there is a problem that makes perfect, it is even more impossible to make progress - no one can make secondary development based on knowledge that they do not understand.
Therefore, in the core part of the industry, each basic component must have at least one full-time staff to reserve and improve the production process. With the development of industrialization, the industrial population occupied by the core industry and the complexity of industrial technology, as well as the number of basic accessories, are growing in the same proportion. However, the core industry cannot form a complete society by itself. It also needs the tertiary industry such as consumer goods industry, construction industry, transportation, commerce, service industry, administration, military, social security, and labor in the primary industry sectors such as mining and agriculture. Cooperate. These people are all right, the entire industrial system can run smoothly, and each member of society can have a relatively relaxed and rich life.
Coupled with the children and the elderly raised by these laborers, it can be estimated that the population required for an independent industrial system is about 10 times the number of basic accessories, and at least not less than 5 times.
In the middle and late 19th century, the industrial system only had the power of steam engines. At that time, the most complicated industrial products were nothing more than iron-clad ships. There were hundreds of thousands of parts and components in an iron-clad ship. So an industrial country at that time needed nearly one million people to meet the core industry. The industrial country of Belgium also has a population of 4 million.
After the second industrial revolution in the early 20th century, the two major categories of electrical and chemical industries were added. The basic parts and components of the industrial system have also been multiplied several times. It is necessary for nearly 10 million core industries to maintain the integrity of the industrial system. At this time, the Belgian stream is no longer included in the powers. The least populous country is 40 million people, and the French industrial system is not complete. When more than 60 million people come to Germany, they must be the first to support the United States and the United States. World War II.
By the time of World War II, the basic components had increased to several million, corresponding to 65 million people in Germany to wage war, and France to be out one month after the start of the war. But Germany must also abandon the development of super-weapons such as strategic bombers, aircraft carriers and atomic bombs. Japan, which has a similar population, can not make a decent tank. On the two sides of the sea, there are only a hundred Americans with a population of 100 million. The Soviet Union lacked reserves in naval technology, but tanks, artillery, and rockets could always force Germany.
When the world enters the nuclear age, a complete industrial system needs to consist of tens of millions of industrial basic accessories, which determines that only the industrial country with a population of 100 million, that is, the United States and the Soviet Union are eligible to become the world level, and other industrial countries can only do vassals. . During this period of time, although Britain and France are both permanent members of the Security Council and have strategic nuclear weapons, they can only face the fate of the river.
In the middle and late stages of the Cold War, the number of industrial parts has further increased to more than 30 million. The population of around 200 million in the US and the Soviet Union is completely occupied by various industrial sectors, and it is difficult to develop into a more complex industrial society. However, both the United States and the Soviet Union will never be willing to maintain this bipolar world. They all hope to continue to expand industrial power, develop more new weapons, lengthen the industrial chain, continue to improve their industrial complexity, and overwhelm each other technically. Incorporate more industrial population into their Cold War confrontation system.
Under this circumstance, the United States has shifted the civilian industry abroad, while using financial means to continue to occupy the products of these factories, to support the local population, and to concentrate on the arms race with the Soviet Union. This is equivalent to increasing the domestic industrial population without introducing immigration or increasing the pressure on agriculture and social welfare. In this way, Japan, Germany, and China in the 1980s contributed to the United States the industrial labor required for the Cold War, increased the industrial complexity of the US side, and promoted the high-tech upgrade of the United States.
The Soviet side has only 200 million people in its own population plus tens of millions in Eastern Europe. To compete with the global system under US control, it can only continue the technological industry system that is more suitable for war preparation before World War II, through top-down The way to achieve high efficiency in application technology, so that their industrial system lost the ability to self-upgrade.
On the other hand, the lack of population also forced the Soviet Union to concentrate a large number of people on military industry and heavy industry. By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the total population of the Soviet Union was only 280 million, but there were 70 million industrial workers, and an average of four Soviets There is one industrial worker, the vast majority of whom are in the military and heavy industry sectors. This directly led to the long-term shrinkage of the Soviet civil industry and eventually collapsed!
Empires of the river
From the above point of view, Europe is finally going to the integration process not because the EU wants, but if the industrial population and manufacturing capacity of the 20 countries in Europe are not integrated to form an entity with a population of hundreds of millions of people, Europe cannot support it. . However, according to the current EU birth rate and population size, the third industrial revolution is its limit. The requirements of the fourth industrial revolution on the complexity of the entire industrial chain and the number of industrial workers are all unaffordable by the EU. .
Do not believe? Looking at fighters representing a country's high-end industrial system, only two countries, China, and the United States, are currently able to meet the fourth-generation fighter standard. The Russian T50, which was flattened by Su27, is not counted. In Europe, no country can independently afford the development of the fourth-generation fighter. The three-and-a-half typhoon fighters are the peak of the entire European force. The fourth-generation fighter F35 can only be Developed jointly with the United States. But even if Europe and the United States joined forces in a country, such as Japan and South Korea, the entire development process has been exhausted.
The development process of the F-35 encountered a lot of problems. One of the big obstacles was the design of the flight control software. The modern aircraft is almost a flying computer. Almost everything needs to be done through computer hardware and software. "Moore's Law" is not only applicable to hardware, but also applies to the development of software technology, because the capacity of the chip will almost double every 18~24 months, and the computing power will also support the size of the software to double. The F-22's on-board computer software, which was commissioned in 2002, includes 4 million lines of source code. At present, the F-35 software that has just been put into trial production has 19 million lines. Although it is slightly lower than the annual number, it generally conforms to this rule.
The software was written by people. When the software of the F-22 was written, the Americans used the Ada high-level language specialized in military. However, after the source code was turned over several times, they couldn’t get enough programmers to understand Ada. I had to change to the civil C language, but even the military programmers of the C language couldn’t make up so much. The software of the fighters could not be outsourced at will. The software development progress of the F-35 had to be delayed, and the cost was also People eat horses and climb up.
The Americans proposed the development of this light four-generation fighter because the F-22 was too expensive and needed a cheap aircraft to make up for its shortage. In the plan at the time, the performance of this fighter was almost half of that of the F-22, and the cost was only 1/3. However, until now, the F-35 has not been officially mass-produced, and the cost has already surpassed the F-22.
The strength of the United States and Europe, the creation of a fourth-generation fighter is still difficult, how much do you think the EU is able to trigger the fourth industrial revolution alone?
The industrial revolution is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. After each industrial revolution, new technical means will greatly improve manufacturing precision. Once the accuracy of the machine is increased, the next change is the machine that can make more complex products. The more complex the product, the more parts it contains, and the parts need to be manufactured. So how many kinds of parts in an industrial system basically require how many workers and technicians master the manufacturing process.
In the final analysis, a country must maintain a sufficient industrial population to maintain a continuous upgrading of its industrial system. Whenever a more complex machine emerges, only an adequate number of workers and technicians can be recruited, and industrial upgrading can proceed. In a period of industrial upgrading again, only countries with enough population can get rid of all their opponents.
On the other hand, if the industrial chain has been stretched to run out of the population base, then it can only be rebuilt. Every country will keep the military industry used for life-saving in its hands. The industry that is demolished is first of all a civilian industry that can make money, can develop in a rolling manner, and other civil industries are almost dismantled. Machine tools and industrial equipment manufacturing industries will also chase The civil industry is a big customer, leaving only the military industry.
Although the military industry often represents the highest level of technology in a country, guns made by military industry can no longer be used to make other machines. Once the country has no civilian industry, the military industry cannot transfer advanced military technology to other industries. There is no way to realize the industrial cycle of making machines with machines and making more advanced machines with old-fashioned machines.
As long as the industrial cycle of others has worked and accumulated a new generation of technology, those old empire will soon be nothing. In the foreseeable future, the whole of Europe will be like a domino array, one country after another, from Greece, Italy, Spain, Ireland and so on, to Britain and France, and finally Germany. If there is anything that is irresistible to the objective historical law of manpower, this is.
postscript:
If there is a fourth-generation industrial revolution soon, then my personal guess is that it is likely to announce the advent of an era with the three iconic things of nuclear fusion, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing. The most basic of these must be the revolution in the way energy sources are used. In the field of fusion energy, it is currently possible to identify only one country that has three devices, namely, a set of inverted field pinch magnetic constraints, a superconducting tokamak, and a non-superconducting tokamak. That is China. The other, probably the United States.
As for the core components of the giant hadron collider built in Europe and Europe, guess which country was made in?
Of course it is China!
China to powerful four stages (Author: water woodenly)
The first stage is called: no "farm" is unstable, and the second stage is called: no "work" is not strong. We will not say more about these two stages. Let us focus on the following two stages:
The third stage is called: no "net" is not up to
Three industrial revolutions occurred in the last 300 years of mankind, which has brought mankind into the era of big industry. The mission of the era of big industry is to build various basic facilities for human beings, including hardware, resources, equipment, products, etc., which is popular for human beings. Set up the stage, it makes the world tough and open.
Now that the stage has been set up, we are also welcoming the fourth industrial revolution. Human beings are entering an era of information that is not available. Shui Muran believes that the future is a world of high collaboration, cross-border interconnection, and ubiquitous links. Everyone, every piece of information, every item is an important node in the value chain, and countless value chains. Fine but not brittle, complicated and not chaotic, is supporting a new world.
The world is moving from hard to smart: value diversification, wealth mobility, meticulous division of labor, product customization, and organizational flattening.
Data and information begin to counteract material reality and gradually control the world's operations. Obviously this is a new frontier development movement.
The most exciting thing is that China and the United States have begun to stand on the same starting line, leading the fourth industrial revolution in the world, which is determined by the progress and perfection of the Chinese Internet!
The combination of people, information, and commodities can exert a combined effect of 1+1 greater than 2. Because people and information, people and goods, information and goods can interact with each other, once linked, the effects of fission and fusion can occur, and the instantaneous aggregation and tension are unlimited.
China's Internet has developed for 20 years, and now it has formed a three-pronged pattern. BAT has mastered China's information-based data, transactional data, and relational data, and then uses innovative companies that have been merged with the public.
China will definitely build a super Internet company in the future. BAT is included in the bag, through efficient collaboration and industry segmentation, to optimize the resources of the configuration society, including all kinds of large and small, corner and corner parts, without wasting a screw, not giving up a soul, will The whole society is brought into a big cycle of value creation and absorption. Realize the interconnection of all things and share value.
The fourth stage is called: no "text" is not good
This is the real stage of strength, that is, the spiritual recovery. Let us first look at how the Western Industrial Revolution happened.
In the 15th century, Europe was still under the rule of the church. Christianity impeded humanity and made people lose their imagination and creativity. Later, in Europe, the Renaissance and Enlightenment took place, and the "resurrection" of ancient Greek and Roman spiritual culture was created. An active, innovative and positive atmosphere, an ideological emancipation movement developed in Europe.
Therefore, the reason why the industrial revolution took place in Europe is inseparable from the liberation of cultural thoughts. The "humanism" thoughts triggered by the Renaissance affirmed the power of human beings and made people believe that people can change everything, such as Shakespeare's Hamlet. There is a famous saying that he said that man is "the essence of all things, the prima of the universe." This sentence comes from the Renaissance, and the Renaissance encourages people to use their inventions and creations to transform nature and create a better life.
After 300 years of revival and preparation for the Renaissance, the European bourgeoisie has gained a dominant position in the political, economic and ideological fields, waiting for the slogan of the Enlightenment, and the European feudal system began to collapse. This was followed by the Western maritime era and the discovery of geography. With the help of the bourgeoisie and its strength, European feudal monarchies began political, economic, and military expansions around the world, establishing colonies everywhere, dividing spheres of influence, and vigorously promoting cultural output. Later, as the bourgeois revolution succeeded in Europe and the Americas, by the end of the 19th century, European civilizations became global civilizations. Beginning in the Renaissance, the values ​​and codes of conduct that followed the theorization of the Enlightenment and the practice of the bourgeoisie also passed through the world. until now.
Now China is exerting more and more influence on the world economy, diplomacy and security, but an objective fact is that China has been radiated by strong Western culture since modern times. Not only China but the whole world is following a kind of The jungle law of the weak meat.
We have also found that on the road to industrialization led by Western capitalist countries, human beings are getting faster and faster, but they are getting more and more chilling and looking around. We have been hit by various financial crises, economic crises, war conflicts, and terrorist attacks. Surrounded by...
Where should the world go? Can entangle that kind of ideology and culture to lead mankind to the future?
Looking at the West first, in order to bring the world into a unified economic market, Western civilization has been continually conquering the world in the past few hundred years. With the help of economic and technological advantages, it has promoted the civilizations of the world to learn from Western civilization. . Therefore, economically speaking, the Western world has influenced the world in terms of economy and technology. However, politically speaking, the West cannot establish a "world country" that is unified and orderly and in the common interests of all mankind. Because they can't provide a permanent and peaceful integration model for the world, not to mention the fact that the West itself cannot be unified.
Looking at the East again, although the traditional Chinese culture for more than two thousand years has been completely denied after the May Fourth Movement, various Western thoughts have flooded into the land of China. However, the current Chinese traditional culture has gradually revived and is in a strong collision with Western civilization. This is a big era of stirring!
The rise of the West has brought enormous disasters to the world, but at the same time it has also made tremendous contributions to human civilization, such as fair and free markets, democratic elections, constitutional institutions, citizens' rights, etc., Western achievements have an impact on the world. It is far-reaching. The vitality and endless life of Chinese civilization is reflected in the fact that it is good at absorbing and absorbing advanced thoughts. In the process of accommodating, it does not lose its own self, and finally transforms foreign advanced ideas into a part of Chinese civilization.
Why can Chinese civilization be second-best?
First of all, although China has experienced chaos and disintegration many times, from the perspective of great history, the Chinese have completely guarded a super civilization and lived in a stable order of a civilized empire for a long time. Second, the Chinese maintain a valuable spirit of worldism. It is precisely Chinese culture that is farthest from narrow nationalism. At the same time, the humanistic values ​​of Confucianism and Taoism make Chinese civilization conform to the needs of human society integration in the new era. Chinese people pursue harmony between man and nature.
Shui Muran believes that the ancient Chinese began to pursue the world peace and the world. The Chinese civilization has the spirit of innovation and reform, "new day, new day, new day and new". There is a "harmony and difference" civilization multi-symbiosis theory, and the harmony between man and nature, society and ecology in the "Heaven and Man" And the worldview of the world of Chinese civilization and peaceful cosmopolitanism, there is a great ideal of "cultivating the body, uniting the family, governing the country, and leveling the world."
The first step in China's rise must be the strong return of traditional culture. This is certain! The rise of China has brought human civilization into a new era and is destined to illuminate the entire 21st century. But there is no accumulation of steps, no more than a thousand miles; no accumulation of small streams, no rivers. We still need to work hard step by step! In the next decade, the locomotive of world economic growth will remain China. China only takes this responsibility because he still has a lot of room for improvement. The most important thing is the determination to keep moving forward!
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