With the large-scale application of electric vehicles, the rising charging load has brought an unprecedented burden to the urban power grid. Research shows that the use of time-sharing electricity price peak charge can effectively reduce the burden of the grid, and can save a lot of charging fees for each electric vehicle user, but it still depends on the advancement of electricity reform and the establishment of a flexible electricity price system.
On the 23rd, the Natural Resources Conservation Association, the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the National Renewable Energy Center jointly released the report “Application Potential of Electric Vehicles in Shanghai Power System†in Beijing, using Shanghai as a sample, and large-scale electric vehicles in the future. The possible impacts and countermeasures of access to the grid have been studied.
According to the report, in 2015, there were 46,507 new electric vehicles in Shanghai, which is more than three times higher than that in 2014. The entry of Shanghai electric vehicles into the high-speed development stage will bring new challenges to the power grid.
It is understood that the time-sharing peak-valley electricity price measures can guide the flexible charging of electric vehicles and make more efficient use of power resources. Liu Jian, an expert in the field of electric vehicles of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that electric power demand can be used to participate in power demand response through orderly charging (ie, encourage electric vehicles to avoid peak hours and charge during low valleys), and electric vehicle-grid two-way communication (V2G) can also be utilized. The technology provides auxiliary services such as peaking and frequency modulation.
The report found that by 2030, in the context of the rapid growth of electric vehicle ownership in Shanghai, compared with the disorderly charging of electric vehicles, orderly charging can reduce the peak load and valley difference of Shanghai power load up to 5GW; It is used for one million people in a city for one year; if the grid-filled electricity of this scale is used to absorb foreign hydropower, it is equivalent to avoid consumption of 2.3 million tons of coal and 4.5 million tons of carbon dioxide. As the time-sharing electricity price that stimulates the orderly charging behavior, while achieving the above grid optimization effect, it will save up to 80% of the charging cost for each electric vehicle user. “These measures will stabilize the existing high-load peak-to-valley difference in Shanghai, maintain stable grid operation, and assist in the consumption of Shanghai's southwest hydropower supply to help clean energy.†Liu Jian said that electric vehicles are a new demand side resource application. The Shanghai power system can not only promote the sustainable development of electric vehicles, but also avoid the possible negative consequences of the rapid expansion of electric vehicles on power facilities and the environment.
Usually at night, when the load on the grid transformer is the lowest, the commercial power consumption is very small, and the power grid can concentrate on power supply to the charging station, reducing waste of resources. However, providing electric energy resources for electric vehicles requires flexible price signals. When grid resources are tight, prices rise; when grid resources are abundant, prices fall, so that electric vehicles can be better encouraged to provide energy services during peak demand periods. China's power system still uses planned scheduling, and the price of electricity is at a fixed level for a considerable period of time, which cannot effectively promote the application of electric vehicles in the power grid.
The report recommends that the power market and auxiliary service market be established and improved to form a reasonable electricity price mechanism to encourage electric vehicles to integrate into the power system.
"There is still a lot of uncertainty in the development of electric vehicles in the future, which may exceed our expectations. Therefore, relevant research needs to go ahead. Electric vehicles are connected to the power grid. It is neither as serious as we think, and we need to do something in advance. Prepare for the response,†said Hu Zechun, professor of electrical engineering at Tsinghua University.
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