In the past two years, the energy-saving lighting industry has flourished. Especially after the east wind of “energy saving and emission reductionâ€, the market growth is still singing all the way. Energy-saving emission reduction refers to reducing energy waste and reducing emissions of pollutants (contaminants), while high-efficiency lighting products have obvious effects in saving electricity and reducing energy consumption. However, it is accompanied by the problem of mercury pollution that is not circumvented.
According to statistics, an energy-saving light bulb contains about 0.5 mg of mercury. If it invades underground, it will cause pollution of about 180 tons of water. At present, emerging technologies can only reduce the mercury content in each bulb at most, and cannot completely solve the mercury pollution problem. And more attention is beginning to focus on LED technology and natural light source technology. As an alternative, will they be the best balance between mercury pollution and low energy consumption?
Mercury pollution is difficult to circumvent
According to the comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction issued by the State Council, the Development and Reform Commission promoted 150 million high-efficiency lighting products through financial subsidies. According to the prediction of relevant departments, after the implementation of this plan, the country can save 29 billion kWh of electricity a year, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 29 million tons and sulfur dioxide by 290,000 tons.
The effect is obvious to all, but the mercury pollution that has not been circumvented by the current energy-saving lamp technology has been an unsolvable problem. Liu Hong, an expert from the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, analyzed that an energy-saving lamp tube contains an average of 0.5 milligrams of mercury. Currently, a few brand-name products can achieve about 0.25 milligrams, and 1 milligram of mercury immersed in the ground will cause about 360 tons of water pollution.
This means that if 150 million energy-saving lamps are promoted, it will send nearly 75 million milligrams of mercury to all parts of the country, theoretically polluting 27 billion tons of water, and the world's easy access to fresh water is only 300 billion tons.
Ellen Silbergeld, a professor of environmental health at Johns Hopkins University and editor of Environmental Research magazine, wrote that in the end, any light bulb, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, would break or burn out. "This is the untreated direct discharge into groundwater." A huge source of mercury pollution. In addition, a portion of the mercury released from landfills enters the atmosphere in the form of methylmercury vapor, which is more accessible to the food chain than broken mercury or direct release of inorganic mercury from coal-fired power plants. ."
Effective recycling can reduce pollution
Energy conservation is environmentally friendly, but at the same time it is not conducive to environmental protection. Where is the balance between “fish and bear's paw�
At present, this issue has attracted the attention of relevant experts and relevant government departments. In foreign countries, California, which has the most stringent environmental standards in the United States, has long passed the legislation of the state legislature. Since 2006, it has banned the disposal of used fluorescent bulbs as general waste.
During the two sessions this year, Li Huanxi, member of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy chairman of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the People's Republic of China, submitted a proposal entitled “Proposal on Establishing a Waste Energy Saving Lamp Recycling System as Quickly as Possible†to the relevant departments. The proposal pointed out that "there are still some loopholes to be filled in the process of recycling energy-saving lamps, calling on government departments to improve the recycling mechanism as soon as possible, and educating consumers to rationally use and place energy-saving lamps to reduce environmental pollution and damage."
In addition, lighting manufacturers are actively seeking solutions. On December 25th, the domestic lighting leading company NVC Lighting and the Guangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee held a press conference and officially signed the Guangzhou Asian Games lighting and lighting products supplier. As one of the largest manufacturers of energy-saving lamps in China, Wu Changjiang, president of NVC Lighting, is blunt about the pollution of energy-saving lamps. "All we can do is to continuously improve the technical capabilities and minimize the mercury content of the products." He also revealed that NVC will start the energy-saving lamp recycling program, as long as the user has demand, no matter what brand of energy-saving lamps NVC can be recycled. He did not give a clear answer as to how to deal with it after recycling to reduce pollution.
Energy saving next stop, LED and natural light
The problem of mercury pollution cannot be completely solved. Finding alternatives is naturally the next development direction of the entire lighting industry.
In this process, the growing LED industry is seen as the next focus. According to the data, the current energy-saving lamp life is 2500-5000 hours, and the LED lamp as a replacement product can reach 5000-100,000 hours, and its power consumption is 1/10 of incandescent lamp and neon lamp.
According to statistics, according to the current growth rate, by 2010, the national LED industry output value will exceed 150 billion yuan. From a national perspective, the application of LED products, especially high-brightness LED products, has just started. However, since LED materials go further than energy-saving lamps and do not pollute the environment, experts estimate that the LED market will rise in full swing.
In addition to LEDs, making full use of natural light sources where conditions permit is also a major direction of technological evolution. As early as three years ago, MIT designers began evaluating architectural lighting design in many ways. Among these methods are two types of sunlight-related daylight instruments, namely the automated engine type and the portable manual operation type. These two types of heliostats can simulate the sun's rays at different times of the year or all day and use the camera to detect the daylight effect in the building model. Based on these results, designers and architects can better judge their models for sun exposure. Whether the control of the penetration is appropriate, and how effective it is to shield, filter, and reflect sunlight.
However, compared with LEDs, this more environmentally-friendly and energy-saving lighting method is really commercial, and it has to go a long way.
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