In the new automotive electrical system, there are two implementations, one is a full-vehicle 42V single-voltage solution, and the other is a 14V/42V dual-voltage solution. The former will have a major impact on the current auto parts manufacturing industry, while the latter will have less impact and a smooth transition. Therefore, the automotive industry tends to have a dual voltage solution.
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As early as the 1990s, Germany established the Forum on Vehicle Power (Forumbordnrtz), which was attended by Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Opel and Porsche. The organization is mainly engaged in standardization research using 42V power supply specifications, and proposed 14V. Draft specification for the /42V dual voltage supply system. In addition, Ford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology also initiated the organization of the MIT/Industrial Alliance, including GM, Daimler? Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Renault, Volvo, Siemens, Bosch, Motorola, Delphi and other well-known auto dealers, parts manufacturers and electronic telecommunications companies. The organization is mainly to study the impact and implementation of 14V/42V dual voltage power supply system on automotive electrical and electronic equipment. To promote this work, the American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has also established a dual/high voltage vehicle electronic system committee. From the perspective of the extensive participation in the research of this program, this new electrical system structure has been recognized by the international automotive industry.
The content of the 14V/42V dual voltage scheme is: the automotive electrical equipment and the electronic control device are divided into two groups according to the power consumption. The medium and small power is a group, and the power is supplied by 14V voltage. The larger power electrical device is powered by 42V voltage. The power is in the range of 400-1000W, and the peak power can be as high as 500-5000W. Increasing the voltage value can reduce the volume, quality and loss of the electrical device itself, and also facilitates miniaturization of the control device and improves integration. For example, three-way catalytic converter heaters, windshield heaters, cooling fans, electric suspensions, solenoid valve driving appliances, and the like. Traditional electrical appliances and some electrical appliances (such as lighting, signals, instrument panels, electric window stoppers, central locking systems, engine electronic fuel injection devices, ignition control devices, etc.) have little power, and 14V power supply is advantageous. The new power supply system is fully compatible with the traditional power supply system, which is the basic feature of the system.
The 14V/42V dual voltage conversion process is as follows: the AC engine outputs 42V high voltage, and 14V is converted from 42V by a DC/DC converter (DC converter). In this system, the DC/DC converter separates the power supply system into two power supply systems with different voltage levels. In addition to step-down, it also plays an important role in power distribution management of the entire electrical system.
Of course, the dual-circuit power supply system also has its shortcomings, such as the need for two 14V and 42V battery packs, thus increasing the additional load of the vehicle, taking up more space and increasing the cost. Moreover, there are still many problems to be solved, such as electromagnetic interference generated by DC/DC converters; high-voltage transient phenomena and suppression control methods; power flow and distribution problems of dual-voltage electrical systems during vehicle operation; In one direction, automotive electrical voltage upgrades will be implemented in the coming years.
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