The "China Artificial Intelligence Development Report 2018" conference and seminar (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") was recently held at Tsinghua University. The "Report" was organized and written by the China Science and Technology Policy Research Center of Tsinghua University. It brings together the wisdom of many leading domestic research teams, from the scientific and technological output and input of artificial intelligence, industrial development and market application, development strategy and policy environment, and The four aspects of social cognition and comprehensive impact comprehensively show the current status and trends of artificial intelligence development in China and the world, in order to achieve the purpose of improving public awareness, helping the healthy development of the industry, and serving the national strategic decision-making.
After the meeting, Xue Lan, professor and dean of the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University and director of the China Science and Technology Policy Research Center of Tsinghua University, accepted an interview with reporters on topics related to artificial intelligence.
Two shortcomings of my country's AI"China Artificial Intelligence Development Report 2018" actually comprehensively describes all aspects of China's current artificial intelligence development, including artificial intelligence funds, human input, papers, patents, and industrial development output. Another point is that there is a relatively comprehensive and systematic analysis of the relevant strategies and policies of various countries, as well as the concern of the entire society on artificial intelligence and related influences.
In general, this "report" has several characteristics. First, its perspective is based on the status quo and the future; second, although the report focuses on the development of artificial intelligence in China, it also has international data for comparison, so that it can see what position China is in in the global development; Third, this report combines the most authoritative organizations in related fields to conduct statistical analysis. The data is first-hand, and is relatively authoritative and reliable.
By reading the report, you can understand the current development status of artificial intelligence in China, and also grasp the strengths and weaknesses of our future development.
I think from the current point of view, my country’s artificial intelligence has two shortcomings:
The first aspect, in terms of the development of the artificial intelligence industry, it should be said that the foundation of China's innovation is not very solid. From the analysis of the "Report", whether it is the publication of artificial intelligence papers or the output of artificial intelligence technology patents, Chinese companies are still relatively backward compared with their foreign counterparts in this regard, in contrast to academic research. Among the 20 companies with the largest output of AI papers in the world, China only occupies a seat, and it is still the State Grid that no one can think of. However, we are familiar with other leading Chinese companies in the field of artificial intelligence, but they cannot be seen. This is worthy of our attention.
In the final analysis, we pay attention to artificial intelligence not only because it is a very important field of basic research and applied research, but more importantly, how to transform the huge potential of artificial intelligence into productivity, which can promote China’s social progress. This is where Chinese companies deserve to work harder.
The second aspect is the problem of shortcomings of talents. In terms of the number of international artificial intelligence talent investment, China's investment in artificial intelligence talent is the world's leading, ranking second, second only to the United States. However, the proportion of outstanding artificial intelligence talents in China is very low. The United States is far ahead in the proportion of outstanding artificial intelligence talents, with a total of 5158 people, accounting for 25.5% of the world's total, which is 4.4 times that of the second-ranked Britain. In this regard, our gap is very large, and we need to have a long-term accumulation. In other words, we not only need to cultivate a vast army of artificial intelligence talents, but also have a large number of top leaders.
Do not pursue "short and fast" in the development of the AI ​​industryI think that due to the development of artificial intelligence in the past two years, the opportunities for application in all aspects have increased greatly, and its venture capital and other aspects have also grown relatively fast.
If there are individual companies from the perspective of investment, the effect of pursuing "short, flat and fast" is understandable. However, if we look at long-term interests, especially at this stage of China’s development, if most companies are still pursuing "short-term and fast-paced", then the foundation for our long-term development will not be solid.
I think that to solve this problem, on the one hand, not only companies have to change this attitude; on the other hand, national policies need to undergo major adjustments.
As far as enterprises are concerned, if they follow suit in the short term, they will not have a solid foundation. If they encounter financial crises or trade wars, they will most likely not be able to withstand the storms and the whole will be subverted. However, if an enterprise can have a long-term vision, make arrangements as soon as possible, conduct more in-depth research, and lay a solid foundation, no matter what kind of situation it encounters, it will be invincible.
In terms of government policies, one is to encourage companies to do well in research and development. The current R&D investment plus deduction is a good policy. The other is to create a better financial environment. I think the financial investment environment is very important. If there are a lot of hot money opportunities in the entire market, it is difficult to guarantee that companies are willing to invest a lot of money in research and development. Therefore, it is very important to further purify and clean up the entire financial environment.
AI is part of the fourth industrial revolutionArtificial intelligence is a type of technology of the fourth industrial revolution, but the fourth industrial revolution includes not only artificial intelligence, but also biotechnology, new energy and so on.
The fourth industrial revolution is actually an organic fusion of physical space, information space, and biological space. If we want to say when the fourth industrial revolution came, it is difficult for us contemporary people to make a judgment. Maybe 50 or 100 years later, when you come to study the history of human development, you may say that so and so in the 21st century. The month of the year is the time of the fourth industrial revolution. Of course, artificial intelligence is an iconic technology from which the answer can be found. Sophia is the first robot to obtain citizenship in history. Saudi Arabia granted her citizenship last year, which can also be regarded as a landmark event.
Artificial intelligence is indeed a very prominent and bright technology in the fourth industrial revolution, but the fourth industrial revolution is not only artificial intelligence.
There are still many uncertainties regarding the future development direction of artificial intelligence. The development of artificial intelligence today is not a strong intelligence application, but only a weak intelligence application. I think it is not impossible that there will be a stronger artificial intelligence equivalent to human intelligence in the future. This is also the source of all social concerns. But another point, I think it is fortunate that our country and the public have begun to pay great attention to this issue when we are still far from the development of strong artificial intelligence. In this way, on the path of future development of science and technology, it is possible for us to discuss and negotiate through all parties in the society, and consciously guide science and technology to develop on a path that will better benefit human society and bring minimal risks.
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