Since the advent of gas discharge sources more than 80 years ago, there has been a problem with the matching ballasts. In the subsequent development, ballasts have also appeared in the coexistence of energy-saving magnetic ballasts and electronic ballasts. People are constantly pursuing good lighting quality and more energy-saving and environmental protection. What is the development and role of the ballast industry technology in the development of current lighting appliances? The reporter interviewed the electric lighting expert Ren Yuanhui, who directed The related issues of the ballast have been answered in detail.
Electric lighting expert Ren Yuanhui (Ren Yuanhui Aladdin Lighting Network blog)
Reporter: Hello teacher, with the continuous improvement of light source lamps, the ballast will continue to develop, please make a brief introduction to the technical development process of the ballast.
Ren Yuanhui: Ballasts are constantly developing with the development of light sources. The earliest gas discharge lamps have been produced for more than 70 years. There are also various ballasts in ballasts. Recently Inductive ballasts have been used successfully in five or six decades. From the point of view of use, the inductance ballast has a relatively large disadvantage: First, the energy efficiency is relatively poor, such as a 36W straight tube fluorescent lamp, in addition to the light source itself, it also consumes energy, generally its power consumption is 9 ~ 10W, It accounts for about 25% to 30% of the energy consumption of a lamp tube; the energy consumption of an 18W fluorescent lamp ballast can reach 10 to 12W, accounting for 50% to 60% of the energy consumption of the lamp. Because of the power consumption of the ballast, after the occurrence of the world energy crisis in 1973, the world paid more attention to the energy consumption of the ballast. Whether it can reduce the energy consumption of the magnetic ballast has become the focus of the industry. Inductive ballast materials are inductive coils and core materials. Other principles and materials are the same as transformers. Like the continuous innovation of transformer materials and processes, the innovation of magnetic ballast materials and processes is also to reduce its own power consumption. Provides the possibility, such as a 36W fluorescent lamp, the original magnetic ballast power consumption is 9 ~ 10W, now the most efficient magnetic ballast power consumption can reach 4.5 ~ 6W, can save 3 ~ 4W, due to the number of uses Huge, its energy-saving effect is very impressive. This kind of magnetic ballast is also an energy-saving magnetic ballast or a high-efficiency magnetic ballast.
After the energy crisis, this energy-saving magnetic ballast developed rapidly and entered practical use. In fact, it is the same as the previous magnetic ballast, except that the core material and shape, as well as the manufacturing process. Improved, and reduced iron loss. One of the methods to reduce the power consumption of the magnetic ballast is to increase the coil. If the coil is too large, the size of the device is too large, and the material is too expensive, which is not good for energy saving, so it is impossible to use such a method. Therefore, the energy-saving magnetic ballast is mainly used on the core material. Previously, the hot-rolled silicon steel sheet was used. With the advancement of the core material, the hot-rolled sheet was changed into a cold-rolled silicon steel sheet. Second, from the form, before It is a stack of pieces, from the core of the stack to the core of the coil, the shape is C-type, O-type, etc.; the third is how to make the iron sheet thinner in the process, adding a layer of insulating paint in the middle. Thin, the pressure between the sheets is tighter, which is also a problem solved by the process manufacturing. These three improvements have greatly reduced the power consumption of energy-saving magnetic ballasts, and the power consumption has decreased by 1/3 to 1/2 from the ballast itself.
In the 1970s, with the development of the world's microelectronics technology, people successfully developed high-frequency electronic ballasts instead of magnetic ballasts, which are often called electronic ballasts, which are small in size. Some are built into the interior of the lamp holder. In a compact fluorescent lamp (commonly known as an electronic energy-saving lamp), it can be an integrated self-ballasted lamp or a separate external ballast lamp.
Electronic ballasts use semiconductor components, which are small in size and save copper, steel and other materials. So in the 1980s, almost electronic ballasts and energy-saving magnetic ballasts went hand in hand. Compared with the magnetic ballast, the electronic ballast is a brand-new thing in terms of materials and technology. Its principle is to rectify the AC 50HZ electricity into a DC current through a rectifier, and then through the inverter high-frequency oscillation, generally reach 30 thousand cycles to 60 thousand cycles of frequency current for the lamp, this lamp is actually a high-frequency lamp, not a frequency of 50 thousand weeks.
The characteristics of electronic ballasts can be summarized as follows: first, higher energy efficiency; second, saving copper and steel, light weight; third, stroboscopic depth is relatively small, and illuminating is more stable; fourth, noise is relatively low; fifth, it can also be adjusted Light, as long as the electronic ballast with a dimmer is used to achieve large-scale dimming, it is difficult for the optical ballast to dim.
At present, for fluorescent lamps, electronic ballasts and energy-saving inductive ballasts are used in combination, each having advantages and disadvantages. According to the lighting design standards: self-ballasted fluorescent lamps are equipped with electronic ballasts, and straight-tube fluorescent lamps should be electronic ballast or energy-saving magnetic ballasts. It has now been proposed in the United States to use electronic ballasts for no particular reason. Energy-saving magnetic ballasts are also recommended products in China. They have advantages over electronic ballasts: one is long life and can be used for twenty to thirty years or longer, while electronic ballasts The average life expectancy is about ten years; the second is that the harmonics of the magnetic ballast are relatively small, the harmonics of the electronic ballast are relatively large, and the pollution to the power grid is relatively large. Third, the inductor ballast is designed to have a reasonable temperature rise and its reliability is high. Therefore, it is emphasized here that in the use of electronic and magnetic ballasts, low-power lamps basically use electronic ballasts, and high-power gas discharge lamps (especially above 150W) should recommend energy-saving magnetic ballasts. And the electronic ballast of this kind of lamp has yet to be more mature.
Inductive ballasts and electronic ballasts are on the way to further development, but in the long run, electronic ballasts will have more development advantages and more prospects. In the future development, the technical difficulty in further development of electronic ballasts is to improve the quality stability and life, and further reduce harmonics. In fact, low-harmonic electronic ballasts have been available, indicating that some of its difficult technologies have been solved, but the price is relatively high. I believe that there will be faster progress in the development of electronic ballast technology research after a while, and perhaps more advanced ballasts will be available in three or five years.
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