The unmanned driving automatic control, architecture, artificial intelligence, visual computing and many other technologies are the products of computer science, pattern recognition and intelligent control technology, and an important indicator for measuring the scientific strength and industrial level of a country. It has broad application prospects in the fields of national defense and national economy.
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In recent years, with the acceleration of the integration of IT industry and automobile industry, the boundaries between each other are becoming increasingly blurred. Together with the government's promotion and popularization of new energy vehicle policies, the global automotive industry is welcoming a century-old change. Apple, Google, internationally. New opportunities brought by emerging giants such as Tesla, new energy vehicles and the Internet have set off a wave of driverless cars and electric vehicles. There are also Baidu, Ali, Gree, Weilai and LeTV in the domestic market. The Internet car-making campaign is in full swing. It is actually looking at the big data resources behind the huge auto market and the incalculable and brand new aftermarket service market behind big data.
However, the automotive industry is a typical capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry. Due to the long investment cycle of the automobile capital, this requires new entrants to have strong capital, and has continuous financing ability during the project promotion process, and also because of the automobile. With a long industrial chain, there are more than 7,000 parts for automobiles. This is a huge challenge for the supply chain management of car manufacturers. It is basically a gap that Internet companies cannot surpass. This is also the reason why the Internet car is in full swing. For example, Tesla has raised five rounds before the listing, and the financing amount is as high as 187 million US dollars. Now it is still plagued by problems such as vehicle fire and sustained loss. LeTV has directly triggered the financing difficulties. Throughout the ecological crisis, Apple and Google retired from the car-making sector and switched to traditional car companies to focus on driverless technology systems.
However, as the traditional automotive technology space has touched the ceiling, it is more and more difficult for auto companies to achieve product innovation. Intelligent, networked and electrified provide new engines for the global automotive industry and provide new advances in automotive technology. The path, the future car companies will change the traditional development model of pure pursuit of sales, and instead provide consumers with a perfect transportation plan, that is, gradually shift to mobile travel service providers, smart cars represent the future development trend of the automotive industry, then smart How to divide the development stage of the car, what are the technologies of driverless cars? Where are the potential problems of driverless cars? The author will provide you with an in-depth interpretation, as follows:
1. How to divide the development stage of smart cars?
The smart car is different from the automatic driving, which refers to the automatic driving of the car by using various sensors and intelligent highway technology. It is composed of navigation information database, GPS positioning system, road condition information system, and vehicle anti-collision. The system, emergency alarm system, wireless communication system and automatic driving system consist of seven intelligent support systems. From the perspective of smart car development, it can be divided into two stages: assisted driving and unmanned driving. The US Highway Safety Administration will develop smart cars. It is divided into five stages, as follows (this article belongs to the original, the cat is the first car, please indicate it):
First, there is no intelligent stage
The original underlying structure of the car, including the brakes, the steering gear, the accelerator pedal and the starter, is completely controlled by the driver at all times.
Second, intelligent with special functions
This level of car has one or more special automatic control functions, which can be called “assisted driving phase†by warning against car accidents. Many of the technologies at this stage are familiar, such as the Lane Departure Warning System (LDW), the Frontal Collision Warning System (FCW), and the Blind Spot Information (BLIS) system.
Third, intelligent with multiple functions
This level of car has a system that combines at least two original control functions, and does not require the driver to control these functions at all, which can be called "semi-automatic driving phase". This stage of the car will intelligently determine whether the driver responds to the dangerous situation of the warning, and if not, take action for the driver, such as the Emergency Automatic Brake System (AEB) and the Emergency Lane Assistance System (ELA).
Fourth, unmanned driving with restrictions
This level of car allows the driver to completely control the car in a specific driving traffic environment, and the car can automatically detect changes in the environment to determine whether to return to the driver's driving mode, which can be called "high-automatic driving phase". Google driverless cars are basically at this level.
Fifth, all roads are unmanned
This level of car completely controls the vehicle completely, detects the traffic environment in the whole process, and can realize all driving objectives. The driver only needs to provide the destination or input navigation information, and does not need to control the vehicle at any time. It can be called “completely automaticâ€. Driving phase or "unmanned phase".
2. Interpretation of driverless car technology
Unmanned driving is the ultimate stage of smart car development. Unmanned technology application is to solve the three potential needs of perceptible, connectable and car personality. Its universal application depends on the intelligent car standard system and intelligent transportation system construction. The mission is to promote the trend of sharing cars, ease traffic congestion and environmental pollution, and liberate the productivity of people and vehicles (this article belongs to the original, cats start the car, please indicate).
First, the application of driverless technology
The application of driverless technology is to solve the three potential needs, firstly to solve the real world to the digital world's perceptible needs, that is, through structured data, can be understood by people and equipment, divided into human perception of the car, car perception People and cars perceive three levels of the surrounding environment; secondly, to solve the connectable needs between different smart devices, such as smart phones, smart homes, smart cars, smart wearable devices, etc.; and to solve the car personality needs, future intelligence The car is actually an intelligent robot that can't follow the instructions, and can also make corresponding life service recommendations according to the needs of the users.
Second, the promotion of driverless technology
The popularization of driverless technology is inseparable from the maturity of smart car standards, intelligent transportation systems and smart car regulations. The development of smart cars requires standards first. It should accelerate the cooperation of different industries such as information, electronics, transportation and the Internet. Considering the future technology trends, we will focus on the common foundations of hardware and software interfaces, data communication formats and protocols, and platform security. At the same time, we will link the relevant technical standards of international smart cars and build a smart car standard system that is in line with international standards and has Chinese characteristics. In addition, it is necessary to speed up the implementation of smart car pilot demonstration projects, laying out intelligent traffic road networks, and developing intelligent vehicle regulatory systems, such as how to judge the responsibility and information security after a traffic accident occurs in an autonomous vehicle.
Third, the driverless technical mission
Unmanned technology will drive the trend of shared cars and make cars become public transport and services. Sharing cars will reduce the need for people to buy private cars, thus alleviating traffic congestion and parking difficulties, and reducing greenhouse cars. Emissions; at the same time, its technical advantages such as timeliness, accuracy and safety can not only significantly reduce traffic accidents, but also benefit disabled people, the elderly, drivers and carless people, and let them enjoy driving. Fun, more liberating people's time and productivity.
3. Potential problems with driverless cars
Driverless car technology is a double-edged sword. While bringing us convenience and liberating productivity, there are also many potential problems that need to be solved urgently, such as safe driving, social ethics and universal application. Belong to the original, the cat is the first car, please indicate the reprint:)
First, the problem of safe driving
Although driverless cars have been emphasizing their technical safety, no one believes that 100% avoid traffic accidents. First of all, driverless cars rely heavily on the transmission of digital traffic signals, such as sensors that hit the roof in bad weather and encounter unidentifiable snow roads, so unmanned cars can not identify traffic police and traffic workers. The traffic signal caused by traffic accidents; secondly, driverless cars often face the problem of "blue screen of death", that is, temporary network interruption will cause system failure, while people sitting in the car will be busy with other things. Without notice, this will cause a driverless car to crash into another car at a speed of 45 kilometers per hour, where the risk hazard may be greater; in the end, the driverless car is used for remote control by hackers. What to do if a terrorist attack occurs.
Second, legal ethical issues
Driverless cars are technology-driven driving, and they will inevitably encounter problems such as traffic accidents, technical settings, and technical ethics. Traffic accidents refer to the accidents of driverless cars. Who is responsible for this? Is it the owner? Is it a car manufacturer? Is it a cloud service provider? Is it a GPS network service provider? There is no precedent for reference; technical setting violations mean that avoiding risks may violate traffic regulations, such as pedestrians in front of vehicles passing green light If the road is released, if the risk is set to avoid the risk of setting up the procedure, it will violate the traffic regulations and even collide with the vehicles behind it. The technical setting ethics refers to the problem of how to choose when the self-driving car encounters multiple risks, such as no one. Driving a car either hits a child on the road, or rushes to the steering wheel to avoid hitting the child, but may hit a car in another lane, causing casualties.
Third, recognize the issue of universality
When a driverless car emerges as an industry disruptor, its popularization and application will encounter many obstacles. First, it will lead to large-scale unemployment, such as the use of self-driving cars in the taxi industry, which will bring unemployment to taxi drivers; Its application in the freight industry will bring unemployment to truck drivers. Secondly, it will affect your driving pleasure, and people will gradually lose the ability to control the car. You will no longer have the experience of road trips and city shuttles, and even cause motion sickness. In addition, it must rely on the maturity of intelligent transportation, such as vehicle control systems, traffic monitoring systems, vehicle management systems and travel information systems.
to sum up
Smart cars represent the future development trend of the automotive industry. Driverless cars are the ultimate development stage of smart cars. Their technical applications need to address the three needs of perceptibility, connectivity and auto personality. Their popular applications depend on automotive standards. The intelligent transportation system and the smart car regulations are mature. It also carries the mission of sharing cars, reducing traffic accidents, alleviating traffic congestion and environmental pollution. However, it still has problems such as safe driving, legal ethics and universal recognition, but some experts predict 2020. Unmanned driving will be achieved, and by 2030 the market value of the driverless market will reach $87 billion.
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