The gradual increase in the proportion of new energy and renewable energy power generation has brought grid technology innovation in full swing, and the building of a full-fledged smart grid has triggered the first shot of grid reform. Where will the future grid shape develop? To this end, we interviewed Zhou Xiaoxin, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Honorary President of the Chinese Academy of Electric Power at the Second China Electric Power Development and Technological Innovation Academicians Forum.
"Electrical and Mechanical Commerce": What kind of process do you think China's power grid has experienced?
Zhou Xiaoxin: I think China's power grid development can be divided into three generations. The first generation is small units and small power grids; the second generation is large units and large power grids; the current world-wide power grid construction is transitioning to third-generation power grids.
At present, we have fully grasped the second-generation power grid technologies, including primary equipment and systems, secondary protection, safe and stable operation technologies of power grids, and simulation analysis technologies. These key technologies have all achieved rapid development and progress, and have reached internationally advanced levels in general. With the development and construction of China's UHV power transmission and a strong smart grid, it marks the beginning of the construction of China's third-generation power grid, which is basically in the same starting line with the developed countries.
“Electrical & Mechanical Dailyâ€: You emphasized that the energy revolution is a condition for promoting the development of the power grid. Today, the voice of global clean energy utilization is getting higher and higher. What do you think is the development direction of the future power grid? Is it the 3rd generation grid that you mentioned?
Zhou Xiaoxin: Under the conditions of the new energy revolution, the importance of the power grid is becoming increasingly prominent. The power grid will become an important energy distribution and transmission network for the entire society. Compared with the traditional power grid, the future power grid should have the following four characteristics: First, there is acceptance. The capacity of large-scale renewable energy power; Second, to achieve the integration of power demand side, distributed power, energy storage and grid integration, significantly improve the efficiency of terminal energy use; Third, with high reliability of supply, basic exclusion The risk of large-scale power outages, including the impact of natural disasters; Fourth, extensive integration with communications information systems, to achieve coverage of urban and rural energy, electricity, information and integrated service system.
The third-generation power grid I am talking about is a modern power grid, which is also a broad-based smart grid. It is characterized by large-scale utilization of renewable energy sources and intelligence. It is the inheritance and development of the first- and second-generation power grids in the new situation for 100 years.
"Electrical and Mechanical Commerce": In your opinion, what are the advantages of the third-generation grid compared with the current grid? How long does it take for China to fully build a third generation grid?
Zhou Xiaoxin: The second-generation power grid relies on high-efficiency fossil energy, nuclear power generation, and large-scale hydropower. It mainly emphasizes centralized power generation, while the development of the third-generation power grid will account for a large proportion of non-fossil energy generation, and the form of power generation will be large-scale centralized. Combined power generation and distributed generation.
In addition, from the perspective of transmission methods, the second-generation power grid is mainly based on ultra-high-voltage overhead transmission. The third-generation power grid will adopt a combination of backbone power grids, local power grids, and micro-grids, and transmission methods will also exhibit diversified characteristics. In terms of protection and control, the second-generation power grid adopts rapid protection and optimization control, and can quickly remove power transmission and transformation faults. The third-generation power grid will be an intelligent power grid control and protection system with network self-healing capabilities.
From the point of view of dispatching and energy management, the second-generation grid is an analytic-type dispatch, which is an energy-side energy management system that adapts to energy changes in the energy management, while the third-generation grid will be an intelligent dispatch that can adapt to renewable energy power changes and Load change of integrated energy management system.
From the perspective of electricity utilization, the second-generation power grid establishes a single power service system. The third-generation power grid is an active type of power supply. Users widely participate in power grid regulation, and the power grid provides users with comprehensive energy and information services; from safety and reliability From the point of view, there is a risk of blackouts in the second-generation power grid, and the reliability of power supply for the third-generation power grid will be greatly improved, basically eliminating user's accidental blackouts and avoiding power cuts by important users.
To fully build the third-generation grid, it is estimated that it will take 50 years. For China, the prerequisite for the construction of the third-generation power grid is that the proportion of non-fossil energy or renewable energy should reach 40% to 50%, which takes a long time. In the next 40 to 50 years, China's power grids will generally complete the transition from the second generation to the third generation of power grids, and gradually realize the integration of large-scale power supplies with distributed power supplies, and a grid model combining the backbone power grid with the microgrid.
"Mechadian Shibao": What kind of efforts do you think you need to achieve in the third generation grid?
Zhou Xiaoxin: In summary, there are five aspects that need to continue research and development. The first is the use of new materials, new components, and new devices to provide energy-efficient grid equipment for the power grid. This is the basis for the development of modern power grids; the second is the development of new transmission technologies, such as high-capacity, low-loss, environmentally-friendly transmission technologies, including special High-voltage power transmission, superconducting power transmission, gas-insulated pipeline transmission, etc.; third is to solve key technical issues such as access to large-scale renewable energy sources, including centralized and distributed access; and fourthly, to develop R&D networks based on advanced sensing and control communications. Dispatch and operation control ensure the efficient and reliable operation of the power grid. Fifth, it is an intelligent power distribution system. It is necessary to establish an integrated power supply information service system for power demand response, distributed power supply, electric vehicles, energy storage devices, and urban and rural areas.
"Electrical & Mechanical Daily": What is your relationship between the third-generation grid proposed by you and the national grid that is currently advancing in the smart grid? What are your suggestions for smart grid?
Zhou Xiaoxin: The scope of the third-generation grid is wider, and intelligence is one of its characteristics. I think that the development of smart grid must consider all factors and benefits in a comprehensive manner, and ultimately allow all participants to benefit from different degrees. In terms of social benefits, it should be to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make energy development cleaner. For users, in addition to more reliable electricity supply, they can also enjoy more services under the smart grid development system; Said that through the intelligent operation of the grid to ensure smoother and more reliable, and through the intelligent value-added services to obtain revenue.
"Electromechanical and Business Daily": In addition to the feature of intelligence, you mentioned that the large-scale use of renewable energy is another important feature of the third-generation grid, so in the face of some problems that wind power and other energy grids have recently emerged, What are your suggestions?
Zhou Xiaoxin: I think the current bottleneck of grid-connected renewable energy and the off-grid accident are all problems in development and can be solved. Now the most important thing is to plan well, not just to develop renewable energy. The planning and planning of the power grid must also consider the cooperation of various power sources and the construction of peaking power. In the long run, the pace of development of the entire renewable energy industry will not slow down and will be more optimized, orderly and efficient.
"Electrical and Mechanical Commerce": What kind of process do you think China's power grid has experienced?
Zhou Xiaoxin: I think China's power grid development can be divided into three generations. The first generation is small units and small power grids; the second generation is large units and large power grids; the current world-wide power grid construction is transitioning to third-generation power grids.
At present, we have fully grasped the second-generation power grid technologies, including primary equipment and systems, secondary protection, safe and stable operation technologies of power grids, and simulation analysis technologies. These key technologies have all achieved rapid development and progress, and have reached internationally advanced levels in general. With the development and construction of China's UHV power transmission and a strong smart grid, it marks the beginning of the construction of China's third-generation power grid, which is basically in the same starting line with the developed countries.
“Electrical & Mechanical Dailyâ€: You emphasized that the energy revolution is a condition for promoting the development of the power grid. Today, the voice of global clean energy utilization is getting higher and higher. What do you think is the development direction of the future power grid? Is it the 3rd generation grid that you mentioned?
Zhou Xiaoxin: Under the conditions of the new energy revolution, the importance of the power grid is becoming increasingly prominent. The power grid will become an important energy distribution and transmission network for the entire society. Compared with the traditional power grid, the future power grid should have the following four characteristics: First, there is acceptance. The capacity of large-scale renewable energy power; Second, to achieve the integration of power demand side, distributed power, energy storage and grid integration, significantly improve the efficiency of terminal energy use; Third, with high reliability of supply, basic exclusion The risk of large-scale power outages, including the impact of natural disasters; Fourth, extensive integration with communications information systems, to achieve coverage of urban and rural energy, electricity, information and integrated service system.
The third-generation power grid I am talking about is a modern power grid, which is also a broad-based smart grid. It is characterized by large-scale utilization of renewable energy sources and intelligence. It is the inheritance and development of the first- and second-generation power grids in the new situation for 100 years.
"Electrical and Mechanical Commerce": In your opinion, what are the advantages of the third-generation grid compared with the current grid? How long does it take for China to fully build a third generation grid?
Zhou Xiaoxin: The second-generation power grid relies on high-efficiency fossil energy, nuclear power generation, and large-scale hydropower. It mainly emphasizes centralized power generation, while the development of the third-generation power grid will account for a large proportion of non-fossil energy generation, and the form of power generation will be large-scale centralized. Combined power generation and distributed generation.
In addition, from the perspective of transmission methods, the second-generation power grid is mainly based on ultra-high-voltage overhead transmission. The third-generation power grid will adopt a combination of backbone power grids, local power grids, and micro-grids, and transmission methods will also exhibit diversified characteristics. In terms of protection and control, the second-generation power grid adopts rapid protection and optimization control, and can quickly remove power transmission and transformation faults. The third-generation power grid will be an intelligent power grid control and protection system with network self-healing capabilities.
From the point of view of dispatching and energy management, the second-generation grid is an analytic-type dispatch, which is an energy-side energy management system that adapts to energy changes in the energy management, while the third-generation grid will be an intelligent dispatch that can adapt to renewable energy power changes and Load change of integrated energy management system.
From the perspective of electricity utilization, the second-generation power grid establishes a single power service system. The third-generation power grid is an active type of power supply. Users widely participate in power grid regulation, and the power grid provides users with comprehensive energy and information services; from safety and reliability From the point of view, there is a risk of blackouts in the second-generation power grid, and the reliability of power supply for the third-generation power grid will be greatly improved, basically eliminating user's accidental blackouts and avoiding power cuts by important users.
To fully build the third-generation grid, it is estimated that it will take 50 years. For China, the prerequisite for the construction of the third-generation power grid is that the proportion of non-fossil energy or renewable energy should reach 40% to 50%, which takes a long time. In the next 40 to 50 years, China's power grids will generally complete the transition from the second generation to the third generation of power grids, and gradually realize the integration of large-scale power supplies with distributed power supplies, and a grid model combining the backbone power grid with the microgrid.
"Mechadian Shibao": What kind of efforts do you think you need to achieve in the third generation grid?
Zhou Xiaoxin: In summary, there are five aspects that need to continue research and development. The first is the use of new materials, new components, and new devices to provide energy-efficient grid equipment for the power grid. This is the basis for the development of modern power grids; the second is the development of new transmission technologies, such as high-capacity, low-loss, environmentally-friendly transmission technologies, including special High-voltage power transmission, superconducting power transmission, gas-insulated pipeline transmission, etc.; third is to solve key technical issues such as access to large-scale renewable energy sources, including centralized and distributed access; and fourthly, to develop R&D networks based on advanced sensing and control communications. Dispatch and operation control ensure the efficient and reliable operation of the power grid. Fifth, it is an intelligent power distribution system. It is necessary to establish an integrated power supply information service system for power demand response, distributed power supply, electric vehicles, energy storage devices, and urban and rural areas.
"Electrical & Mechanical Daily": What is your relationship between the third-generation grid proposed by you and the national grid that is currently advancing in the smart grid? What are your suggestions for smart grid?
Zhou Xiaoxin: The scope of the third-generation grid is wider, and intelligence is one of its characteristics. I think that the development of smart grid must consider all factors and benefits in a comprehensive manner, and ultimately allow all participants to benefit from different degrees. In terms of social benefits, it should be to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make energy development cleaner. For users, in addition to more reliable electricity supply, they can also enjoy more services under the smart grid development system; Said that through the intelligent operation of the grid to ensure smoother and more reliable, and through the intelligent value-added services to obtain revenue.
"Electromechanical and Business Daily": In addition to the feature of intelligence, you mentioned that the large-scale use of renewable energy is another important feature of the third-generation grid, so in the face of some problems that wind power and other energy grids have recently emerged, What are your suggestions?
Zhou Xiaoxin: I think the current bottleneck of grid-connected renewable energy and the off-grid accident are all problems in development and can be solved. Now the most important thing is to plan well, not just to develop renewable energy. The planning and planning of the power grid must also consider the cooperation of various power sources and the construction of peaking power. In the long run, the pace of development of the entire renewable energy industry will not slow down and will be more optimized, orderly and efficient.
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