Problems and countermeasures in elevator installation testing - News - Global IC Trade Starts Here Free Products

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The frequent use of elevators makes it an important means of transportation, making the issue of safe use a focus of attention. This paper specifically analyzes the problems existing in elevator installation testing and proposes corresponding countermeasures. In recent years, with the rapid development of the urban economy, high-rise buildings, elevators have become an indispensable means of transportation. Due to the complexity of the structure of the elevator itself and the increase of uncertainties during installation and use, the safety of the elevator is a problem. In order to ensure the safe use of elevators and avoid accidents, this paper summarizes and summarizes the problems existing in elevator safety detection, and proposes solutions.

1 Problems 1. Equipment room 1.1.1 Elevator-independent equipment is placed in the equipment room. Requirements of Section 6.1.1 of GB7588-2003 "Safety Code for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation": The equipment room should not be placed with a cable trough, cable or device for non-elevator use. . In the supervision and inspection, pressure pipes, sewer pipes, fire pipes, fire hydrants, etc. are installed in the machine room. Once the pipe is broken, the water will overflow into the machine room, which may burn the electrical components and the main board inside the control cabinet, which may cause an accident. If such problems are encountered during the inspection, a rectification notice must be issued and the construction unit is required to carry out rectification.
1.1.2 Elevator room temperature and ventilation facilities do not meet the requirements GB7588-2003 "Elevator Manufacturing and Installation Safety Code" requires that the elevator room should have proper ventilation, the room temperature should be maintained between 5 °C ~ 40 °C. Most of the equipment rooms are located on the top floor of the building. If the ventilation is not enough, the summer temperature is high, and the elevator itself also generates a lot of heat, which often causes failures such as crashes or thermal protection, and increases the failure rate of the elevator operation. Therefore, the relevant construction unit should take corresponding measures to make it meet the requirements.
1.2 Well Road 1.2.1 There is not enough place for emergency unlocking. Section 7.7.3.2 of the “Safety Code for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation” has the following requirements for the landing door: each door can be opened from the outside. Some units emphasize the beauty, decorate the door, ignore the position of emergency unlocking, and some even completely hinder the unlocking. This seriously hinders the elevator staff's work on the car top working surface, elevator emergency rescue and so on.
1.2.2 The level of the floor sill is lower than the decorative floor level. Article 7.4.1 of GB7588-2003 makes the following provisions for the sill sill: there should be a slight slope between the sill sill and the decorative floor, so that it is washed, When sprinkling water, water does not easily flow into the hoistway. Article 4.4.2 of the "Elevator Installation and Acceptance Specification" also stipulates that the floor sill should be 2mm to 5mm higher than the decoration floor. Because water will flow into the hoistway through the gap between the landing door and the car door, it is easy to cause an electrical short circuit. Therefore, in the elevator installation, it is possible to appropriately increase the slope before the sill or to increase the hidden drainage ditch.
1.2.3 The strength of the sill is not satisfied. The requirements of 7.4.1 of GB7588-2003 stipulate that each floor entrance should be fitted with a sill of sufficient strength to withstand the load entering the car through it. Some installation units only install the elevator according to the manned elevator to the sill, and the ridge is damaged or even scrapped due to insufficient strength. Therefore, steel plates and ox legs should be added at the front end of the sill during installation. In addition, the welded parts should be firm and the welds should be continuous and double-sided welded so that the sill has sufficient strength to bear the weight.
1.3 Pit 1.3.1 Strength of the bottom of the pit The 5.5th of GB7588-2003 has the following requirements for the strength of the bottom of the pit: if there is space for the person under the car and counterweight (or counterweight), the pit of the shaft The bottom surface should be designed with a load of at least 5000 N/m2; once the counterweight falls out of control, the space under the pit will be protected. However, some underground pits, garages, passages, etc. were set under the pits, and no protective measures were taken. This has great potential hazards. The problem was found in the inspection and must be corrected.
1.3.2 Pit water seepage and waterproof problems Article 5.7.3.1 of GB7588-2003 makes the following provisions for the pit: the pit can not be used as a puddle, and there is no leakage or water seepage. In the inspection, it can be found that some design units design the puddle under the pit, resulting in long-term wet or even water accumulation in the pit, rusting the mechanical components of the elevator, and the insulation performance of the electrical components also drops, causing a major accident. The use unit and maintenance unit should find such problems in time to ensure the normal use of the elevator.
1.4 Influence of car decoration on elevator performance parameters The requirements of Article 12.4 of GB7588-2003 are clearly defined. At present, in the supervision and inspection, the user often encounters the re-decoration of the car after the installation and commissioning of the elevator, the composite decorative panel or the mirror surface is posted on the car wall, or the marble is laid on the car floor. These undoubtedly increase the weight of the elevator car, touch a series of design problems such as the redundancy of the traction machine and the brake, and whether the safety clamp and the buffer capacity match, which affects the safety performance of the elevator. Therefore, it is recommended that the production unit stipulate the allowable range of the car decoration according to the design performance index of the elevator itself. The installation unit should regularly check the weighing system to ensure safety.

2 Regarding the countermeasures proposed by the elevator supervision and inspection institute, the national standards strictly stipulate the specifications for elevator installation and inspection, which makes the elevator installation and inspection have a basis and political guarantee.
Therefore, it is necessary to increase the on-site supervision and inspection of elevators based on these policies and technical indicators, and actively eliminate potential safety hazards to ensure the safe operation of elevators.
2.1 Do a good job in elevator safety technical inspection Elevator safety inspection is an important guarantee for safe operation of elevators, so in order to avoid and minimize the occurrence of accidents, strict inspection must be carried out. The safety technical inspection of the elevator has the following parts: type inspection, factory inspection, pre-use inspection, periodic inspection, and inspection after elevator modification or accident.
2.1.1 Type inspection The type inspection includes the entire elevator type inspection, the type inspection of the main components of the elevator and the type inspection of the elevator safety components. Type inspection is the inspection of the overall performance and function of an elevator or component.
2.1.2 Factory inspection After the elevator production is completed, the safety inspection of the product must be carried out, and a comprehensive inspection should be carried out before the product leaves the factory.
2.1.3 Inspection before use The inspection before use has the inspection carried out by the installation department itself and the supervision and inspection carried out by the quality and technical supervision department. The enterprise can conduct supervision and inspection after passing the inspection. The basis for supervision and inspection is the “Elevator Supervision and Inspection Regulations”. If the elevator is not supervised and inspected, and the supervision and inspection are not qualified, it is not allowed to use.
2.1.4 Periodic inspection Regular inspection is carried out once a year. It is mainly checked whether the elevator is running for a certain period of time, whether it is affected by normal factors such as aging, wear and vibration. If the inspection fails or the inspection fails, it is not allowed to continue to use.
2.1.5 Elevator modification or post-accident inspection Elevator modification or post-accident inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the "Elevator Supervision and Inspection and Periodic Inspection Rules - Traction and Forced Drive Elevator".
2.2 Improve the safety management awareness of the use unit Improve the maintenance and use of elevators and regulations. It is a necessary condition to ensure the safe operation of elevators and ensure the personal safety of maintenance and use personnel to prevent accidents. The use unit shall establish corresponding elevator operation management rules and regulations, and establish elevator equipment use and maintenance files. The contents mainly include the materials provided during the acceptance inspection by the manufacturing and installation units, maintenance and maintenance records, and fault records.
2.3 Improve the technical quality of maintenance and use personnel It is necessary for the installers of elevators to issue employment certificates, requiring them to constantly update their knowledge and master the maintenance principles, skills and characteristics of various elevator brands. Special training should be provided for elevator use and maintenance personnel, including the national standards for the use and maintenance of elevators and the safety technical performance of elevators. This allows the elevator to operate safely.

3 Conclusion Elevator is a common equipment with complex structure, high technical content and frequent use. Its safe operation is related to human life and property safety. Elevator installation and maintenance personnel should lead by example and do daily inspection of elevators.