What is smart manufacturing technology_Robots and smart manufacturing technology_Intelligent manufacturing machines work like people

What is smart manufacturing technology?

Intelligent manufacturing technology uses computer simulations of intelligent activities such as analysis, judgment, reasoning, conception, and decision-making by experts in the manufacturing industry, and integrates these intelligent activities and intelligent machines throughout the application and subsystems of the entire manufacturing enterprise (management decision-making, procurement , product design, production planning, manufacturing assembly, quality assurance and marketing, etc., to achieve a high degree of flexibility and high integration of the entire manufacturing business operations, thereby replacing or extending part of the mental work of experts in the manufacturing environment, and The collection, storage, improvement, sharing, inheritance and development of intelligent information from experts in the manufacturing field is an advanced manufacturing technology that greatly improves production efficiency.

Difficulties in intelligent manufacturing technology

First, how to ensure the real-time, accuracy and comprehensiveness of the information system (virtual world) for the acquisition of on-site production and operation systems (real world).

At present, there are two main methods for data collection at the production site, automated data collection and manual data collection. Automated data collection often relies on production equipment with better communication conditions and various sensor applications. Manual data collection is mostly used as a supplement or alternative to automated data collection, and is suitable for sites with high difficulty in achieving automated acquisition or high economic cost. At present, the situation at the production site is mostly complicated, and the method of manual collection is widely used, which results in the real-time and accurate reduction of information acquisition. In addition, due to cost considerations, it is difficult to collect field data.

In terms of data acquisition, the Siemens factory is undoubtedly the ideal result. Sensors at all key points of the production line and controllers with communication capabilities enable high-speed acquisition of on-site production conditions. These data are uploaded to the information system in real time, enabling accurate real-time and comprehensive mapping from the real world to the virtual world. However, due to the limitations of field equipment conditions, the success of the Siemens factory in data acquisition is difficult to replicate in other factories.

For example, in the Mitsubishi Electric factory, due to poor communication capabilities of production equipment, in order to obtain production information, data acquisition terminals are placed at each machine, and data entry is performed manually. The accuracy and real-time nature of this data collection method is obtained. Affected by the quality and responsibility of the operators, it is difficult to compare with automated data collection.

Second, how to convert massive data from the production site into effective production operation improvement optimization suggestions

Faced with the huge amount of data collected from the production site, it is difficult for the information system provider or the production and operation personnel of the factory to fully exploit its value, and it is impossible to truly realize the optimization from data to information and information to executable. The recommended leap. The reason is mainly due to the lack of relevant mathematical models, including equipment modeling and modeling of production operations.

The establishment of the above model not only requires a deep understanding of equipment and business, but also has strong mathematical and abstract capabilities. These requirements are undoubtedly difficult to solve in a short time. The gap between the Siemens factory and the real smart manufacturing is probably here too. The lack of this link has led to the inability to form a closed loop in production operations, thereby effectively improving all aspects of production activities.

What is intelligent manufacturing technology? Intelligent manufacturing technology uses computer simulation to analyze the intelligent activities of experts in the field of manufacturing, judgment, reasoning, conception and decision-making, and integrate these intelligent activities with intelligent machines, through the subsystems of applications and the entire manufacturing enterprise. (Management decision-making, procurement, product design, production planning, manufacturing assembly, quality assurance and marketing, etc.) to achieve a highly flexible and highly integrated operation of the entire manufacturing enterprise, thus replacing or extending the part of the expert in the manufacturing environment Brain labor and the collection, storage, improvement, sharing, inheritance and development of intelligent information from experts in the manufacturing field are advanced manufacturing technologies that greatly improve production efficiency. Difficulties in intelligent manufacturing technology 1. How to ensure the real-time, accuracy and comprehensiveness of information system (virtual world) for on-site production and operation system (real world) information acquisition. At present, there are two main methods for data collection at the production site, automated data collection and manual data collection. Automated data collection often relies on production equipment with better communication conditions and various sensor applications. Manual data collection is mostly used as a supplement or alternative to automated data collection, and is suitable for sites with high difficulty in achieving automated acquisition or high economic cost. At present, the situation at the production site is mostly complicated, and the method of manual collection is widely used, which results in the real-time and accurate reduction of information acquisition. In addition, due to cost considerations, it is difficult to collect field data. In terms of data acquisition, the Siemens factory is undoubtedly the ideal result. Sensors at all key points of the production line and controllers with communication capabilities enable high-speed acquisition of on-site production conditions. These data are uploaded to the information system in real time, enabling accurate real-time and comprehensive mapping from the real world to the virtual world. However, due to the limitations of field equipment conditions, the success of the Siemens factory in data acquisition is difficult to replicate in other factories. For example, in the Mitsubishi Electric factory, due to poor communication capabilities of production equipment, in order to obtain production information, data acquisition terminals are placed at each machine, and data entry is performed manually. The accuracy and real-time nature of this data collection method is obtained. Affected by the quality and responsibility of the operators, it is difficult to compare with automated data collection. Second, how to transform the massive data from the production site into an effective production operation. Optimization and optimization suggestions. Faced with the huge amount of data collected from the production site, it is difficult for the information system provider or the production and operation personnel of the factory to carry out its value. Full digging can't really make a leap from data to information, from information to executable optimization advice. The reason is mainly due to the lack of relevant mathematical models, including equipment modeling and modeling of production operations. The establishment of the above model not only requires a deep understanding of equipment and business, but also has strong mathematical and abstract capabilities. These requirements are undoubtedly difficult to solve in a short time. The gap between the Siemens factory and the real smart manufacturing is probably here too. The lack of this link has led to the inability to form a closed loop in production operations, thereby effectively improving all aspects of production activities. 1 Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Our country's manufacturing industry has gone through four phases, from the earliest start-up phase to the growth phase to the rise phase. Now is a very critical phase, the transition phase. Then at this stage, I feel more challenging. There are more problems facing. We have experienced everything from scratch to small, but how to solve the problem from big to strong, this mission is very difficult, and the time spent will be long, and the mentality needs to be more peaceful. The development of China's manufacturing industry is uneven. In the same period, it is characterized by large-scale, digitized, and intelligent parallelization. Some enterprises have higher levels of industry, and may have reached some digitization and intelligence. However, some enterprises are still at a lower level, manual operation stage. In this process, how can we drive innovation and drive development? I feel that we must solve the problem of product innovation on the one hand. Because product innovation is the leader, manufacturing, including robotics is a guarantee. Therefore, product innovation should be the leader of an industry. A product can drive an industry, and product model innovation is also very important. However, the entire innovation capability and key technologies of our country are far from the developed countries. However, our country attaches great importance to this aspect. The State Council has issued the China Manufacturing 2025 Plan to refer China's manufacturing to the national strategic height. Therefore, the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industries and the manufacturing of powers are the inevitable choices for China in the future. The 2025 core made in China is based on intelligent manufacturing. The so-called industrial intelligence will be a bit longer. Smarter is more closely related to sensing technology, information technology, artificial intelligence technology, and big data technology. Therefore, intelligent technology faces more challenges, and each enterprise has different characteristics. It is not necessary to achieve intelligence. I don't think it's important to realize what is achieved. The most important thing is to make the quality of the products go up, the efficiency to get up, and how to win the market. It is more important to gain a foothold in the market, but in some of the changing characteristics of the industry, the cycle changes very quickly and must be driven. Through the current informationization means, the performance of the equipment can be adapted, and at the same time, its process knowledge is continuously accumulated. A very important feature of the manufacturing industry is the long-term accumulation, and the accumulation of process knowledge is very important. Rather than saying that buying a few robots and buying a few pieces of equipment is intelligent. The development of intelligent manufacturing should be accumulated. I think that intelligent manufacturing should benefit from digitalization at the earliest. This is a foundation. It is empty talk to leave the digitalization. With the advent of the Internet, resources can be dynamically stored, and slowly, through some methods, can be intelligent. Intelligent, its process may be more important in product design. Academician Tan Jianrong talked about the intelligence in the product. Because design is the soul, design drives our development. There is an intelligent design and manufacturing process in which the manufacturing process is to perceive, analyze, make decisions, and finally execute. Therefore, intelligent manufacturing is not a one-step process. It is also divided into several stages. From the earliest to the sharing of Internet resources to the emergence of artificial intelligence and means, it is slowly becoming intelligent. Therefore, intelligent manufacturing is a long-term persistent pursuit goal. Not just a conceptual stage. However, there are several core features of intelligent manufacturing. I think the most important thing is to use digital and intelligent means to transform customer needs, product development, product production, and product service into a whole line. This is the most important. Another important second line is the internal line, in the design, production, logistics to marketing two lines, so intelligent manufacturing to achieve the integration of these two lines, one is customer to product service The line runs through, the second in this process, from design to production, to logistics, the whole process is a big category, each of our teachers, each company can only do part of it. This is my personal understanding of a feature of smart manufacturing. I think there are two main lines: customer demand to product service, an order design begins, around this design, how to organize production, how to organize logistics, how to organize marketing, these two main lines do a good job can really drive Advances in technology. Improve the competitiveness of enterprises, bring real benefits to enterprises, and help transform and upgrade. The core of this is the intelligent core of the product. Everyone knows that the smart product has brought a big change. It is recently mentioned that Shenzhen Dajiang is a drone. A few years ago, I watched a few young guys playing drums. Up to now, six or seven hundred billion, many low-end products in our country are still in surplus, but the supply is in short supply in some high-end, so the design change may bring a very big change. So I personally think that the important feature of smart manufacturing is the intelligence of the product. Because people's requirements for products continue to increase, when you add some intelligence to this product, your competitiveness will be greatly improved. So product innovation is very important. So leaving the product innovation, talking about smart manufacturing alone, this is purely a concept of speculation, must be for this product innovation, I intelligently create how to innovate, make it shorter, and make innovation more convenient. Some product innovations are equipment plus several sensors that can be customized for the entire process. Also, I add some sensors, there may be some algorithms, have some autonomy, can interact with people, some machines can communicate with people. I think product innovation is very much. This may be the way for each of them to slowly explore the market, how to find a more correct, market-oriented product innovation. Then, of course, it is more difficult that our colleges and universities are doing more intelligent equipment. Because there are many states in the process of equipment processing, there is a lot of accumulation, so it is a long period of time. Why are many foreign companies not big, but the equipment is doing well, they have done this for hundreds of years, like this The second term is that he also stressed that I have been making a fact for many years. Therefore, the intelligence of equipment is also the problem, the equipment is done very well, China equipment has a market in the high-end market, that is, to achieve extreme value, every aspect, every detail to the best. This is a large market. It’s absolutely impossible for us to start the smart equipment out of the assembly today. This requires a lot of integration, a large number of experiments, a large number of can eliminate interference, and slowly implement this equipment experiment. The intelligence of equipment should still be a very long and arduous road. Nowadays, the work is more intelligent, and it is very good. Many digital workshops, many companies have done very well. The so-called digital workshop is the collection of each state information, knowing the workshop in real time according to this demand, this is still a workload problem. This is the intelligence of the workshop. But the bigger one is the intelligence of the factory. This one should also be done. The bigger the bigger the better, the smaller it is more difficult. That is, we are processing a complex part, and it may not be possible to make this smooth for ten years. The digital workshop may be made in two years. There are great changes in it, so manufacturing, sometimes it’s very small. Do it for a long time. 1 Where is the core technology of intelligent manufacturing? The core of intelligent manufacturing is these technologies. One is digital manufacturing technology. Digitalization means that there must be a model for manufacturing, and there are guidelines. This includes product design, innovative design and numerical control technology, as well as product management and enterprise collaboration technology. There are many problems involved in this aspect. There are many aspects involved, which are the basis of digital manufacturing. Leaving the digitization is simply not intelligent. The second technology is sensing, the more sensors are used in the enterprise, the more information is mastered. There may be a variety of, embedded, absolute, relative, static, and dynamic, this sensor supports our important means of obtaining information. Can be flexibly configured, the change is very convenient, unlike the machine is stupid and stupid. The technology of the fleet is a very important part of smart manufacturing. Today, since the first robot was born in 1959, robots have played an extremely important role in national service and manufacturing. The largest application of industrial robots is in the automotive field, and the largest robots for automobiles. Now slowly expand the elderly care, safety, space exploration. It plays an important role in all walks of life and is an irreplaceable role. However, at present, all aspects of robots have poor perceptual capabilities and can only work in a structured environment. Our human-machine cooperation is a simple task. We talk about the many interactions of special robots that are far from meeting our requirements. Today's robots The technology, its function and practicality are far from the human desire, so we need to work hard for generations, and the progress of other disciplines jointly promote the development of robots, so the expectations of robots can not be too high. . Advanced robots and the robots we expect should be very different. Robots should be a new growth point, and the Davos Forum is also talking about a new industrial revolution, with McKinsey to robots bringing in trillions of dollars. This is the advanced nature of the robot can be seen. Countries around the world are developing plans for robots, and the EU is concerned with the application of robot manufacturing. The world's largest robot market is in China. General Assembly of General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to raise the level of robots and occupy as many markets as possible. Our robots have encountered very good opportunities, but it takes a long time to get the level up. Through our level, we can occupy the market, but with China manufacturing 2025, robots are welcoming very good opportunities. With the development of robots, the earliest is the simple application of simulating the life body, slowly simulating the intelligent autonomous decision of the living body. Now the robot is doing more simulation intelligence, simulating the whole group intelligence. Today's robots, future robots, I will develop from simple interactions nowadays to interactions with the environment and people. Robot development will show such a trend. There are two points, no matter how the robot develops, high reliability, high speed, heavy load, and high security. No matter what, robot dynamics, robot sensing, robot structures, like parallel mechanisms. The future robot has the characteristics of one, the efficiency is reliable, the safety is the strength and flexibility, which is a feature. The second feature may be how people and robots are communicative. Robots and humans work together to do one thing, not robots to replace people, people to take advantage of people, and robots to take advantage of robots. Communion. I think this robot is inclusive on the one hand, the operator is inclusive, interacts naturally with others, can adapt to the complex environment, and the future development of robot and environment is the future trend. Then, there is another important robot and robot to understand each other. I saw a few small planes in the air to move this topic, I think it is very good. This aspect involves the individual's autonomy and can judge independently. At the same time, there is a perception and cognitive game among the groups. It is very important that the machine and the person cooperate. In the future, it may be in the robot. It can be comfortable with people, extend the human body, especially the enlargement of some old limbs, and can accurately understand people and think. That is to answer. This is the main development direction of the robot in the future. On the one hand, it continues to pursue the characteristics just mentioned in the ontology. In addition, in terms of heavy load, we must support the integration of all aspects of robots and people. I am still very important. Here, we call for the development of our national robots to be deeply rooted in the technical theory, leaving the technical research, leaving the study of basic problems, the development of robots lacks the follow-up motivation, so the motivation for robot development must come from science. development of. The development of this science solved the problem and the technology of real robots was further developed. I think the core problem in the future of robots may still be three aspects. One is the institution, which has such compliance, additional perception, multimodality, and more understanding of the environment. There is also distributed coordination control. This is an essential part of supporting us to change the development of robots. Therefore, I think that while everyone is desperate to do the robot industry, we must also build a robot science center and a base for robot research and development. If you leave such a science center, then your follow-up development lacks motivation. You may finish it after a while, and find that you will continue to linger in a few years. Then you may be pulled down by others and will fall behind. 1 Manufacturing thinking The development of manufacturing technology reflects many factors. It is worth mentioning that the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, each of which focuses on a key technology, can make this technology transparent and can be used in enterprises. The maturity can be achieved at the levels of 7, 8, and 9. This mode is very good. It is the long-term support of the government, but only gives you one-third of the money. You can engage in projects, give you one-third of the money, and work with the business for one-third. So I have a little thought. I have also done the 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, but some technologies may not go to the market. There may be two problems here. A college teacher is concerned with articles, and the company is concerned with a complete set of solutions. Therefore, in this process, the difference is zero, this technology can not go out of the laboratory. In this way of thinking, we recently set up a Wuxi Research Institute in Jiangsu. This destination is based on the German research institute. Many of us are very connected with the company. Less than three years after I settled in, I felt smart manufacturing, which is very demanding for many companies. But inside, the opportunity is very good. This institute can leave graduate students in some cities to study in the institute, and then take the time to make this technology reliable. Our institute has developed more than 100 full-time staff since its establishment three years ago. Pushing may be more important. Then, here we mainly do three technologies, one is digital technology, how to improve the process, the intelligent technology is the intelligence of equipment, and the intelligent workshop technology. Recently, we have done a good job of large wind turbine blades. I have a lot of workers working on the spot. The environment is very bad. I think that robots should enter the industry as soon as possible. Through several robots, a robot can be processed in parallel for six or seven robots. Blade processing. In the future, robots will definitely have some robots that can be crafted, but the craftsman robots have some new challenges in robotics, control, and measurement. I think robot processing should be a good direction in the future. Can take advantage of the advantages of the robot, while making up for, CNC machine tools, processing some large parts are insufficient. However, the development of future manufacturing technology may not only be an experience inheritance, I think that the development of future manufacturing technology may be a cross of a discipline. In particular, it intersects with information, materials, mechanics, and physics, and slowly moves toward intelligence through interdisciplinary interactions. So in short, no matter what smart manufacturing is called, the pursuit must be adaptability, and self-discipline, while facing the major needs of our country's high-end equipment, leaving the country's needs, you may have difficulty developing. We must also strengthen basic research, expand new growth points of disciplines, train high-level people to come in, and strengthen cooperation in the international arena. We can truly realize our manufacturing from digitalization to intelligence, and contribute to the country's manufacturing power. The same work "Intelligent manufacturing is a new trend of manufacturing transformation and upgrading, is a new force to drive industrial transformation." Engine assembly line realizes automatic lifting and transportation, and the self-propelled car conveying system sends parts to various stations according to the preset track in the air. The industrial robot or smart device on the position is tightened, measured, tested, etc. according to the setting procedure. On August 23, at the Quanchai Power Co., Ltd. in Quanjiao County, the reporter saw the diesel engine for large and medium-sized agricultural equipment. Intelligent factory. Design, processing, testing, assembly, the whole process to achieve intelligent; through the flexible intelligent production line transformation, automatic data collection, equipment interconnection. Fu Hongxu, the project leader of Quanchai responsible for the intelligent chemical plant, told the reporter that by exploring the new mode of intelligent manufacturing of diesel engines for agricultural equipment and its key components, the project implementation has achieved remarkable results: the product development cycle has been shortened by 20%, and the product design digitization rate has exceeded 80. %, the numerical control rate of the manufacturing process is over 80%, the energy utilization rate is increased by more than 40%, the product defect rate is reduced by more than 10%, and the operating cost is reduced by nearly 20%. "Intelligent manufacturing is based on the deep integration of next-generation information communication technology and advanced manufacturing technology. It runs through all aspects of manufacturing activities such as design, production, management, and service. It has self-awareness, self-learning, self-decision, self-execution, and adaptive functions. The new production method." Shen Zhonglin, director of the equipment department of the Provincial Economic and Information Committee. In recent years, the province has vigorously implemented the “100-hundred” project for machine substitution, focusing on the development of intelligent equipment industries such as industrial robots, high-end CNC machine tools, and 3D printing. The province's intelligent manufacturing industry has shown a good development trend. “Broadband Anhui” was solidly promoted, and the “All-optical Network Province” was first established in the central region, which realized the full coverage of all urban and market towns, and the smart manufacturing foundation was further consolidated. Organize the implementation of intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration projects, carry out intelligent workshops, smart factory evaluation, guide the project's advantageous production factors to focus on intelligent manufacturing, and further improve the level of intelligent manufacturing. “Hefei Ma” has been listed as a pilot for the development of the robot industry in the country. New energy vehicles have formed an advantage, smart voice is leading the world, and the intelligent manufacturing industry has further grown. "Manufacturing is the engine of economic growth. Intelligent manufacturing is a new trend in the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. It is a new force driving the industrial transformation. It is necessary to vigorously develop smart manufacturing, seize the opportunities of development, and brave the tide of development." Director Niu Wei said. With the widespread use of big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, cloud computing, and the popularization of intelligent equipment such as industrial robots and high-end CNC machine tools, smart units, smart workshops, and smart factories are accelerating, especially with the upcoming 5G era. Coming, the development of industrial Internet of Things is entering the fast lane, and "all things intelligent interconnection" is about to become a reality. 1 “Developing intelligent manufacturing is an important measure for building and manufacturing a strong province. It has the function of 'one stone and three birds'” Robot automatically moves glue, automatically grabs rubber, and integrates bead core...In Gangji Town, Changfeng County, Hefeiwan Force Tire Co., Ltd. has built a smart factory that subverts the manufacture of traditional tires, with an annual capacity of 2 million radial tires. “In the case of bead core production, the traditional four processes are integrated into one process through intelligent manufacturing. The production cycle is reduced from 59 seconds to 23 seconds in the traditional process, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.” The company’s general manager Shi Yan told reporters The industry needs more than 2,000 factories of the same scale, and we are now less than 700 people, which is more than 62% lower than the traditional production mode, and the per capita output value is three times that of the traditional. "In the era of industrialization, portraits work like computers; in the era of mobile Internet, smart manufacturing technology will drive machines to work like people." Wang Dengming, deputy director of the Provincial Economic and Information Committee. At present, artificial intelligence continues to evolve along the development trajectory of computational intelligence, perceptual intelligence, and cognitive intelligence, presenting new features such as deep learning, cross-border integration, human-machine collaboration, open-group intelligence, and autonomous control, providing continuous support for intelligent manufacturing. The power source and push smart manufacturing into a new era. At present, with the emergence of a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the “five major technologies” such as information technology, biotechnology, manufacturing technology, new materials technology and new energy technology are widely infiltrated into various fields, one is digital and networked. The new industrial revolution with intelligence as the core is coming to the fore. Represented by the US "Industrial Internet" and the German "Industry 4.0", the world's major industrial developed countries have adopted intelligent manufacturing, and have intensified their layout to reshape the new competitive advantages of manufacturing. In recent years, China has successively issued a series of major strategic plans such as “Broadband China”, “Made in China 2025”, “Internet Plus” and “New Generation Artificial Intelligence”, and issued a mobilization order to build “manufacturing powers” ​​to accelerate the promotion of “Made in China”. The transformation of "China's wisdom". Our province's "Strengthening Action Plan for Manufacturing Provinces (2017-2021)" takes "intelligent manufacturing" as the main direction, and clearly proposes to vigorously promote "Internet + manufacturing" and promote the development of intelligent manufacturing industry. 1 “Developing smart manufacturing is a strategic choice to seize the new high point of industrial development. It is an important path to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. It is an important measure to promote the construction of a strong province and has the role of 'one stone and three birds'. He said that it will promote the development of industrial chains such as smart equipment and parts, smart sensors, industrial software and related service industries; drive the rapid development of new technologies, new products and new equipment, and promote a number of new applications, new formats and new models. To achieve accurate matching between supply and demand, and effectively solve production and management problems such as rising costs, resource constraints, and increased competition. "Point, line, surface" layout intelligent manufacturing, use sufficient financial special funds, increase support according to the characteristics of refrigerator products, based on product design standardization, serialization, generalization, through the function, performance, The appearance and other research, from the perspective of personalization, standardization and technological evolution, to build an open architecture of the "product platform + demand module" of refrigerator products, Hefei Meiling Co., Ltd. has established a product design system and a smart factory based on personalized customization. Recently, Meiling was selected as the vice chairman unit of the division of the home appliance industry in the province's intelligent manufacturing industry development alliance. On August 24th, the Provincial Economic and Information Committee and the province's intelligent manufacturing enterprises and colleges and universities jointly launched the "Anhui Province Intelligent Manufacturing Industry Development Alliance" was established. "The purpose is to build three major platforms of production, scientific research and market through government guidance, enterprise main body and market-oriented approach, and gather various resources of market, technology, capital, policy, etc., and accelerate the innovation and development of the intelligent manufacturing industry in our province." Shen Zhonglin said. "The alliance should actively play the role of resource integration and bridge ties, and strive to solve the current situation that the manufacturing industry in our province is still coexisting in mechanization, electrification, automation and informationization. The development stages of different regions, different industries and different enterprises are unbalanced, and the overall solution supply of the system. Difficulties such as insufficient capacity. "The Niu Wei said that the alliance should focus on the role of aggregation, service, and leadership, and integrate resources to become a common service for technology transformation, upstream and downstream enterprise linkage, market development, brand building, and standard verification. The center and the open and shared product demonstration platform will accelerate the innovation and development of the province's intelligent manufacturing industry. It is understood that the province's "Supporting the Construction of Strong Provinces and Several Policies" regards smart manufacturing as a key support area, and grants 500,000 to 2 million yuan to enterprises that have obtained national-level intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration projects and provincial-level smart factories and digital workshops. One-time bonus. "Anhui Province Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Implementation Plan (2017-2020)" further proposed the overall objectives, key tasks and safeguard measures for the development of intelligent manufacturing in the province during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. The Provincial Economic and Information Committee has proposed that it will use the “producing a strong province” to build a special fund of 2.5 billion yuan, integrate funds for technological transformation and information construction, and increase the smart manufacturing, the first without changing the existing channels. Support for major technical equipment. Strengthen technological innovation, adhere to the status of corporate innovation, deepen cooperation in production, study and research, and build a number of intelligent manufacturing innovation centers. Strengthen the demonstration application, intelligently design the “point, line and surface” layout, carry out the “100-hundred” project for machine substitution, organize the implementation of digital and intelligent transformation of production lines and workshops, and strive to build 100 in the province during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period. A smart factory and 500 digital workshops promote the application of 20,000 industrial robots.

Robotics and intelligent manufacturing technology

The manufacturing industry in our country has gone through four stages, from the earliest start-up phase to the growth phase to the rise phase. Now is a very critical phase, the transition phase. Then at this stage, I feel more challenging. There are more problems facing. We have experienced everything from scratch to small, but how to solve the problem from big to strong, this mission is very difficult, and the time spent will be long, and the mentality needs to be more peaceful.

The development of China's manufacturing industry is uneven. In the same period, it is characterized by large-scale, digitized, and intelligent parallelization. Some enterprises have higher levels of industry, and may have reached some digitization and intelligence. However, some enterprises are still at a lower level, manual operation stage. In this process, how can we drive innovation and drive development? I feel that we must solve the problem of product innovation on the one hand. Because product innovation is the leader, manufacturing, including robotics is a guarantee. Therefore, product innovation should be the leader of an industry. A product can drive an industry, and product model innovation is also very important. However, the entire innovation capability and key technologies of our country are far from the developed countries. However, our country attaches great importance to this aspect. The State Council has issued the China Manufacturing 2025 Plan to refer China's manufacturing to the national strategic height. Therefore, the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industries and the manufacturing of powers are the inevitable choices for China in the future. The 2025 core made in China is based on intelligent manufacturing. The so-called industrial intelligence will be a bit longer. Smarter is more closely related to sensing technology, information technology, artificial intelligence technology, and big data technology. Therefore, intelligent technology faces more challenges, and each enterprise has different characteristics. It is not necessary to achieve intelligence. I don't think it's important to realize what is achieved. The most important thing is to make the quality of the products go up, the efficiency to get up, and how to win the market. It is more important to gain a foothold in the market, but in some of the changing characteristics of the industry, the cycle changes very quickly and must be driven.通过现在的信息化手段，能够装备的性能有适应能力，同时使它工艺知识不断的积累，制造业很重要一个特点就是要长期的积累，工艺知识的积累很重要。而不是说买了几个机器人回来买了几个装备就是智能化了。

智能制造的发展应该是有积累的，我觉得智能制造最早应该得益于数字化，这是一个基础，离开数字化谈智能化是空话。随着这个互联网的出现，资源可以动态的存储，这里面慢慢的通过一些方法，就能够实现智能化。智能化体现，它的过程可能在产品设计里面更加重要。我们谭建荣院士谈了产品里面的智能化。因为设计是灵魂，设计带动我们的发展。这个里面有智能设计和制造过程，制造过程就是对状态进行感知，分析、决策，最后到执行。所以讲智能制造也不是一蹴而就的，也是分这样几个阶段，从最早到互联网资源共享，到人工智能和手段的出现，慢慢走向智能化，所以智能制造是一个长远的坚持不懈的追求目标。而不是仅是一个概念的阶段。

但是智能制造有几个核心特征，我觉得最主要的就是通过数字化、智能化手段可以把客户的需求，到产品的开发，产品的生产，产品的服务可以串成一个整线，这是最主要的，另外一个很重要的第二条线，就是在内部一条线，在设计、生产、物流到营销两条线，所以智能制造要实现这两个线的集成，一个是客户到产品服务的这个线贯穿，第二个在这个过程中，从设计到生产，到物流，整个过程是一个很大的范畴，我们每位老师，每个企业只能做其中一部分。这是我个人对智能制造的一个特征的理解。

我认为有两条主线一个就是客户需求到产品服务，一个定单设计开始，围绕这个设计，怎么样组织生产，怎么样组织物流，怎么样组织营销，这两条主线做得比较好的话确实能够带动技术的进步。提高企业竞争力，为企业带来实在的实惠，帮助转型升级。这里面最为核心是产品的智能化更加核心，大家知道智能的产品，带来了很大的一个变化，就是最近提到了深圳大疆做无人机，几年前我看几个小伙子捣鼓，能够到现在六七十个亿，我们国家很多中低端产品还是在过剩，但是供不应求在一些中高端，所以设计的改变一点，可能带来一场非常大变化。

所以我个人认为智能制造很重要的特点就是产品的智能化。因为人们对产品的要求不断的提高，当你这个产品增加一些智能以后，你的竞争力就大大提升。所以在产品创新是很重要的。所以离开了产品创新，单独谈智能制造，这是纯粹就是炒概念的，必须要是为了这个产品创新，我智能制造怎么样创新的过程，使它缩短，使创新更加方便。有的产品创新，就是设备加几个传感器，可以把整个过程个性化的定制。还有我加一些传感器，可能有一些算法，有一定的自主性，可以跟人交互，有些机器跟人之间可以沟通我觉得产品创新表现得非常多。

这可能是各个其在市场慢慢摸索，怎么样找到一个比较正确，有市场的产品创新的道路。那么，当然比较难的是我们高校做得比较多的是装备的智能化。因为装备加工过程当中有很多状态，有大量的积累，所以是比较是长时期的，为什么国外很多企业不大，但是装备做得好，他们几十年，数百年就做这个，就像这次任正非他也强调，我多少年来，就做一个事实。所以装备的智能也是这个问题，把装备做得很好，中国装备在高端市场有市场，就是做到极值，每个方面，每个细节到最好。

这大量的市场。不是我们今天开完大会把智能装备搞出来的，绝对不可能的。这里面需要大量的融合，大量的实验，大量的能够排除干扰，把这个装备实验慢慢做实。装备的智能化，还是应该来讲非常艰苦漫长的道路。现在做得比较多是车间的智能化，得很好了，很多数字化车间，很多企业做得非常好。所谓数字化车间就是每个状态信息采集，实时知道这个车间按照这个需求，这还是一个工作量的问题。这是车间智能化。但是更大一点就是工厂的智能化，这块应该也做得到。越大反而好做，越小反而比较难。就是我们加工一个复杂零件，把这一点搞成光滑可能十年都不可以，数字化车间可能两年就做出来的，这里面有很大的变化，所以制造，有时候很小一个事要花很长时间把它做下来。

　　什么是智能制造技术 　　智能制造技术利用计算机模拟制造业领域的专家的分析、判断、推理、构思和决策等智能活动，并将这些智能活动和智能机器融合起来，贯穿应用与整个制造企业的子系统（经营决策、采购、产品设计、生产计划、制造装配、质量保证和市场销售等），以实现整个制造企业经营运作的高度柔性化和高度集成化，从而取代或延伸制造环境领域的专家的部分脑力劳动，并对制造业领域专家的智能信息进行收集、存储、完善、共享、继承和发展，是一种极大提高生产效率的先进制造技术。 　　智能制造技术的难点 　　一、如何保证信息系统（虚拟世界）对于现场生产运营系统（现实世界）信息获取的实时性、准确性、全面性。 　　目前，对生产现场的数据采集主要有两种方式，自动化数据采集以及人工数据采集。自动化数据采集往往依托于通讯条件比较好的生产设备以及各种传感器的应用。人工数据采集大多是作为自动化数据采集的补充方式或替代方式，适用于自动化采集实现难度较大或经济成本较高的现场。而目前，生产现场的情况大多比较复杂，人工采集的方式应用较为广泛，这就造成了信息获取实时性、准确性的降低。此外，出于成本考虑，对现场数据的采集也难以做到十分全面。 　　在数据采集方面，西门子工厂无疑是实现效果非常理想的。遍布生产线各个关键节点的传感器以及具有通讯能力的控制器对现场的生产情况进行高速采集，这些数据都实时上传到信息系统中，实现现实世界到虚拟世界的精准实时全面的映射。但由于现场设备条件的限制，西门子工厂在数据采集方面的成功难以在其他工厂进行复制。 　　比如，在三菱电机工厂，由于生产设备的通讯能力较差，为获取生产情况信息，在各机台处放置数据采集终端，采用人工方式进行数据录入，这种数据采集方式的准确性及实时性受操作人员的素质及责任心影响较大，难以与自动化数据采集相比。 　　二、如何将来自生产现场的海量数据转化为有效的生产运营改进优化建议 　　面对从生产现场采集来的海量数据，无论是信息系统提供商或是工厂的生产运维人员都难以对其价值进行充分的挖掘，无法真正实现从数据到信息，从信息到可执行的优化建议的飞跃。究其原因，主要是由于缺乏相关数学模型，包括设备建模以及生产运营业务的建模。 　　上述模型的建立不仅需要对设备及业务有深刻的理解，同时还要有较强的数理能力及抽象能力，这些要求无疑都是目前短时间内无法解决的难点。目前西门子工厂与真正的智能制造的差距大概也在于此。这一环节的缺失，导致了无法在生产运营活动中形成闭环，进而有效改进方方面面的生产活动。 　　1 　　机器人与智能制造技术 　　我们国家的制造业经历了四个阶段，从最早的起步阶段和成长阶段到崛起阶段。现在是非常关键的阶段，转型阶段。那么这个阶段，我觉得挑战性更加大。面临的问题更加的多。我们经历了从无到有，从小到大，但是如何解决从大到强，这个使命非常艰巨的，并且花的时间也会比较漫长，需要心态更加平和一点。 　　我国制造业发展参差不齐，同一时期表现为规模化、数字化，智能化并行，有些企业的产业的水平比较高一点，可能已经达到了一些数字化和智能化。但是有些企业还处再一个水平比较低端，人工作业的阶段。在这个过程中我们怎么样能够创新驱动发展，我觉得一方面要解决好产品创新的问题。因为产品创新是引领，制造，包括机器人技术是一个保障。所以产品创新应该是一个行业的龙头，一个产品可以带动一个行业，产品模式创新也是很重要的。但我们国家整个创新能力和关键技术跟发达国家有较大差距。但我们国家在这个方面高度重视，国务院发布了中国制造2025计划，把中国制造提到国家战略高度，所以制造业转型升级和制造强国是我国将来实现必然的选择。中国制造2025核心是以智能制造为主攻方向。所谓工业智能化，会更加漫长一点，像智能化更加跟传感技术、信息技术、人工智能技术、大数据技术密切相关的，所以智能化技术面临的挑战更多一点，每个企业特点不一样，不是一定要实现智能化。我觉得实现什么化不重要，最重要把产品质量高上去，效率搞上去，怎么赢得市场。在市场上站稳脚跟，这是更重要的，但是有些企业行业的变化特点，周期变化非常快，必须要驱动。通过现在的信息化手段，能够装备的性能有适应能力，同时使它工艺知识不断的积累，制造业很重要一个特点就是要长期的积累，工艺知识的积累很重要。而不是说买了几个机器人回来买了几个装备就是智能化了。 　　智能制造的发展应该是有积累的，我觉得智能制造最早应该得益于数字化，这是一个基础，离开数字化谈智能化是空话。随着这个互联网的出现，资源可以动态的存储，这里面慢慢的通过一些方法，就能够实现智能化。智能化体现，它的过程可能在产品设计里面更加重要。我们谭建荣院士谈了产品里面的智能化。因为设计是灵魂，设计带动我们的发展。这个里面有智能设计和制造过程，制造过程就是对状态进行感知，分析、决策，最后到执行。所以讲智能制造也不是一蹴而就的，也是分这样几个阶段，从最早到互联网资源共享，到人工智能和手段的出现，慢慢走向智能化，所以智能制造是一个长远的坚持不懈的追求目标。而不是仅是一个概念的阶段。 　　但是智能制造有几个核心特征，我觉得最主要的就是通过数字化、智能化手段可以把客户的需求，到产品的开发，产品的生产，产品的服务可以串成一个整线，这是最主要的，另外一个很重要的第二条线，就是在内部一条线，在设计、生产、物流到营销两条线，所以智能制造要实现这两个线的集成，一个是客户到产品服务的这个线贯穿，第二个在这个过程中，从设计到生产，到物流，整个过程是一个很大的范畴，我们每位老师，每个企业只能做其中一部分。这是我个人对智能制造的一个特征的理解。 　　我认为有两条主线一个就是客户需求到产品服务，一个定单设计开始，围绕这个设计，怎么样组织生产，怎么样组织物流，怎么样组织营销，这两条主线做得比较好的话确实能够带动技术的进步。提高企业竞争力，为企业带来实在的实惠，帮助转型升级。这里面最为核心是产品的智能化更加核心，大家知道智能的产品，带来了很大的一个变化，就是最近提到了深圳大疆做无人机，几年前我看几个小伙子捣鼓，能够到现在六七十个亿，我们国家很多中低端产品还是在过剩，但是供不应求在一些中高端，所以设计的改变一点，可能带来一场非常大变化。 　　所以我个人认为智能制造很重要的特点就是产品的智能化。因为人们对产品的要求不断的提高，当你这个产品增加一些智能以后，你的竞争力就大大提升。所以在产品创新是很重要的。所以离开了产品创新，单独谈智能制造，这是纯粹就是炒概念的，必须要是为了这个产品创新，我智能制造怎么样创新的过程，使它缩短，使创新更加方便。有的产品创新，就是设备加几个传感器，可以把整个过程个性化的定制。还有我加一些传感器，可能有一些算法，有一定的自主性，可以跟人交互，有些机器跟人之间可以沟通我觉得产品创新表现得非常多。 　　这可能是各个其在市场慢慢摸索，怎么样找到一个比较正确，有市场的产品创新的道路。那么，当然比较难的是我们高校做得比较多的是装备的智能化。因为装备加工过程当中有很多状态，有大量的积累，所以是比较是长时期的，为什么国外很多企业不大，但是装备做得好，他们几十年，数百年就做这个，就像这次任正非他也强调，我多少年来，就做一个事实。所以装备的智能也是这个问题，把装备做得很好，中国装备在高端市场有市场，就是做到极值，每个方面，每个细节到最好。 　　这大量的市场。不是我们今天开完大会把智能装备搞出来的，绝对不可能的。这里面需要大量的融合，大量的实验，大量的能够排除干扰，把这个装备实验慢慢做实。装备的智能化，还是应该来讲非常艰苦漫长的道路。现在做得比较多是车间的智能化，得很好了，很多数字化车间，很多企业做得非常好。所谓数字化车间就是每个状态信息采集，实时知道这个车间按照这个需求，这还是一个工作量的问题。这是车间智能化。但是更大一点就是工厂的智能化，这块应该也做得到。越大反而好做，越小反而比较难。就是我们加工一个复杂零件，把这一点搞成光滑可能十年都不可以，数字化车间可能两年就做出来的，这里面有很大的变化，所以制造，有时候很小一个事要花很长时间把它做下来。 　　1 　　智能制造核心技术在哪里？ 　　智能制造最核心有这几个技术，一个就是数字制造技术，数字化就是制造要有模型，还有能够方针，这里面包括了产品的设计、创新设计以及数控技术，还有产品管理，企业协同技术，这里面方方面面的涉及到的问题非常多的。牵扯到很多方面，就是数字化制造的基础。离开了数字化就根本谈不上智能化。 　　第二个技术是传感，各式各样的传感器在企业里面用得越多，信息掌握得多。可能有各式各样的，有嵌入，有绝对，有相对的，有静止的，有动的，这种传感器支持我们获取信息重要手段。可以灵活配置，变化非常的方便，不像机床傻大笨粗的。机群的技术对智能制造是非常的重要的组成部分。 　　今天这个机器人，从1959年，第一台诞生以来，机器人在国民服务、制造业方面发挥了极其重要的作用。工业机器人的最大应用在汽车领域，汽车用的机器人最大。现在慢慢扩大老人护理、安全，太空勘探。在各行各业发挥重要的作用，不可替代的作用。但是目前机器人各方面感知能力很差的，只能在结构化的环境中工作，我们人机合作都是简单的工作，我们讲特种机器人很多的交互是远远不能满足我们的要求，今天的机器人的技术，它的功能和实用性与人类的愿望有很大的差距，所以需要我们几代人拼命的工作，并且有其他学科的进步共同推动机器人的发展，所以大家对机器人的期望值不能太高。先进的机器人和我们期望的机器人应该很大的差距。机器人应该成为新的增长点，达沃斯论坛也谈到是一个新的工业革命，麦肯锡到机器人到带来产值是万亿美元。这是机器人的先进性可以看得出来的。世界各国都在制订机器人的计划，欧盟关注机器人制造方面的应用。 　　全球最大的机器人市场在中国，习近平总书记两院大会提出把机器人水平上去，占领尽多市场，我们机器人碰到很好的机遇，但是怎么样把水平搞上去，还是要花很长的时间，通过我们在水平上去，能够占领市场，但是随着中国制造2025，机器人迎接来非常好的机遇。随着机器人的发展历程，最早是模拟生命体简单的应用，慢慢的模拟生命体的智能自主决策，现在机器人做得比较多是模拟的智能，模拟整个群体智能。今天的机器人，未来的机器人我可能会将由现在的简单交互，发展到与环境、人的交互。机器人发展会呈现这样的变化趋势。有两点肯定，无论机器人怎么发展，高可靠，高速、重载，高安全性肯定的。 　　不管什么东西，机器人动力学，机器人传感，机器人结构，像并联机构，。未来机器人有特点一个就是本，效率可靠，安全，就是力气也大，灵活，这是一个特点。第二个特点可能就是人与机器人怎样共融，机器人和人类共同把一个事情做好，而不是机器人把人替代，人发挥人的优势，机器人发挥机器人的优势。共融。我觉得这个机器人一方面方面共融，操作者共融，跟其他人自然交互，能够适应复杂的环境，将来是机器人和环境共融的发展是未来的趋势。 　　那么，还有一个很重要的机器人和机器人之间要相互了解。这里看到几个小飞机在空中能够搬这个题目，我觉得非常好的。这一方面牵扯到个体的自主，能够独立的判断。同时群体之间，有感知、认知博弈，很重要就是机器和人协同，将来可能在机器人里面，能够跟人舒服，延伸人体，尤其是老龄一些肢体的放大，能够精确理解人的，所思即所答。这是未来机器人主要的发展的方向一方面在本体方面继续追求刚才说的特点。另外在重载方面要支持机器人和人的各方面的融合。我还是非常重要的。 　　在这里呼吁一下，我们国家机器人的发展一定要深深的扎根在技术理论上，离开了技术研究，离开了基本问题的研究，机器人的发展缺乏后续的动力，所以机器人发展的动力一定来源于科学的发展。这个科学的发展把问题解决了，真正机器人的技术进一步发展。我觉得在机器人将来的核心问题可能还是三方面。 　　一个就是机构，有这样的顺应性，另外感知，多模态，对环境理解多认知。还有分布协调控制。这个是支持我们改变机器人发展必不可少的一部分。所以我觉得大家拼命做机器人产业的同时，也要建机器人科学中心，机器人研发的基地。离开了这样科学中心，那么你后续的发展缺乏动力，你可能会一阵子做完了以后，发现再过几年继续徘徊，再过十年还是徘徊。这样你就可能被别人拉下来，会落后。 　　1 　　制造业思考 　　制造技术的发展体现了很多方面的因素。值得一提的是德国弗劳恩霍夫研究所，他每个所关注一个关键技术，把这个技术做透，能够在企业里用，成熟度可以做到7、8、9这样的水平。这种模式非常好。就是政府长期支持，但只给你三分之一的钱。你可以搞项目，给你三分之一的钱，跟企业合作三分之一。所以我有一点思考，我也做过科技部973项目，但是有些技术为什么走不到市场上去，这里面可能有两个问题。 　　一个高校老师关注的是文章，企业关注的是成套的彻底的解决方案。所以这个过程当中，差零点零几，这个技术走不出实验室。在这样的思考下，我们最近我们在江苏也成立了一个无锡研究院，这个目的地是以德国这个研究所为对标。我们很多是跟企业联系非常多的。在落户不到三年，感觉到智能制造，这个对很多企业需求量很大的。但是这里面，机会是非常好。这个研究院可以把一些城市里研究生毕业留在研究院，然后花时间把这个技术做可靠，我们研究院从三年前刚刚建立至今发展了有一百多位专职人员，这个人员将来对技术的推动，可能更加重要一点。那么，这里我们主要还是做三个技术，一个就是数字化技术，怎么样把工艺提高，智能化技术就是装备的智能，还有智能化车间技术。 　　最近我们做得比较好的就是大型风电叶片，我现场看有很多工人工作，环境非常恶劣，我觉得机器人要尽快进入这个行业，通过几台机器人，搞个六七台机器人并行加工，这样能实现叶片加工。将来的机器人一定会出现一些能工巧匠的机器人，但是能工巧匠机器人在机器人机构、控制、测量都有一些新的挑战。我觉得将来机器人加工应该是一个很好的方向。可以发挥机器人的优点，同时弥补，数控机床，加工一些大型零件不足。 　　但是将来的制造技术的发展可能不单就是一个经验传承，我觉得将来的制造技术的发展可能就是一个学科的交叉。尤其是跟信息、材料、力学、物理交叉，通过学科交叉慢慢走向智能化。所以总而言之，不管叫什么智能制造也好，追求的一定是适应性，以及自律性，同时面向我们国家的高端装备的重大需求，离开了国家的需求，可能你很难有发展。还要加强基础研究，拓展学科新增长点，培养高水平人进来，同时在国际舞台上加强合作，真正能够实现我们的制造从数字化走向智能化，为国家制造强国的贡献力量 　　智能制造机器像人一样工作 　　“智能制造是制造业转型升级的新趋势，是驱动产业变革的新力量” 　　发动机装配线实现自动化吊装和运输，自行小车输送系统按照空中预设轨道将零部件送至各个工位，各工位上的工业机器人或智能设备按设定程序进行拧紧、测量、试机等工作……8月23日，在位于全椒县的全柴动力股份有限公司，记者见识了大中型农业装备用柴油机智能化工厂。设计、加工、检测、装配，全流程实现智能化；通过柔性智能生产线改造，实现数据的自动采集、设备的互联互通。 　　全柴负责智能化工厂的项目负责人付红旭告诉记者，通过探索农业装备用柴油机及其关键零部件智能制造新模式，项目实施成效明显：产品研制周期缩短20%，产品设计数字化率超过80%，制造过程数控化率达到80%以上，能源利用率提高 40%以上，产品不良率降低10%以上，运营成本降低近20%。“智能制造是基于新一代信息通信技术与先进制造技术深度融合，贯穿于设计、生产、管理、服务等制造活动的各个环节，具有自感知、自学习、自决策、自执行、自适应等功能的新型生产方式。 ”省经信委装备处处长沈忠林说。 　　近年来，我省大力实施机器换人“十百千”工程，重点发展工业机器人、高档数控机床、3D打印等智能装备产业，全省智能制造产业呈现良好发展态势。 “宽带安徽”扎实推进，在中部地区率先建成“全光网省”，实现了所有城区、集镇光纤全覆盖，智能制造基础进一步夯实。组织实施智能制造试点示范工程，开展智能车间、智能工厂评价，引导项目优势生产要素向智能制造集中集聚，智能<p><span class=RJ45 Jack With Transformer

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