Sharp is actively promoting the 8K ecosystem. The most obvious action is the largest TV-related field in the market. It is reported that the medical 8K market is considered to be the third largest 8K market after television and audio-visual broadcasting units, and it is initially It may grow faster than TV.
8K medical application is the most favored field in Japan. It is the application of precision endoscopic surgery such as colorectal cancer or prostate cancer. Because the human lower abdomen has many internal organs and muscles and nerve vessels pass through, the structure is extremely complicated, according to the doctor. It is said that the proportion of miscared nerve vessels in lower abdominal surgery is twice that of general laparotomy. This is the result of reducing the chance of accidental injury with endoscopes.
On December 13, 2017, the hospital dean of the 8K endoscopic surgery experiment, St. Like's InternaTIonal Hospital, said that the scene is like drilling into the body, 8K resolution The rate makes the muscles that should not be cut clear. The Nikkei pointed out that 2K resolution camera images are equivalent to images seen by people with a visual acuity of 1.07, and 4K is equivalent to a visual acuity of 4.27.
The earliest manufacturer of 8K endoscopes in the world is Japanese newcomer Kairos: The focus of the endoscopic endoscope is light and small. In 2002, the 8K camera weighed 80 kilograms. In 2014, it was reduced to 2.2 kilograms. The weight of the device that can be placed in the body.
The Kairos product was reduced to 450 grams in 2016 and further reduced to 370 grams in August 2017. It is the world's lightest 8K endoscope; however, the endoscope for general endoscopic surgery needs to be less than 200 grams. Kairos said it will make further improvements.
Olympus, a Japanese endoscope manufacturer, has also developed 8K endoscopes. Although the products are still bigger and heavier than the products of Kairos, the products of Olympus have two advantages that Kairos products do not have: Connect more than 2 displays for panoramic and detailed viewing, as well as better 3D display.
Although 8K endoscopic surgery is generally appreciated by doctors, the price is still a problem: the price of 2K endoscopes is about 14 million yen (about 126,000 US dollars), 4K is 17 million yen, 8K is not announced, only less than 100 million The Japanese yen; and the current health care payment in Japan does not have the distinction between 2K and 4K endoscopic surgery. The cost effectiveness is different but the same result is paid, which hinders the hospital from adopting a high-priced medical system.
Now Japanese manufacturers and medical institutions are promoting the practice of law, hoping to change the payment of different endoscopic surgery and accelerate the application of 8K in the medical field; while the 8K endoscope lacks the 8K display, it is also worth studying.
Classic Ethernet uses a long cable meandering around the building, and this cable connects all the computers. The architecture of classic Ethernet is shown in the following figure "Ethernet":
Physical layer
Each version of Ethernet has a maximum cable length limit (that is, the length that does not need to be amplified). Signals within this range can be transmitted normally, and signals beyond this range will not be transmitted. In order to allow the construction of a larger network, multiple cables can be connected with repeaters. A repeater is a physical layer device that can receive, amplify, and retransmit signals in both directions.
On these cables, the transmission of information uses Manchester encoding.
MAC sublayer
Classic Ethernet uses 1-adhere to the CSMA/CD algorithm, that is, when the station has a frame to send, it must listen to the medium, and send it immediately once the medium becomes free. Monitor whether there are conflicts on the channel while they are being sent. If there is a conflict, immediately terminate the transmission, and send a short conflict enhancement signal, and then wait for a random period of time before resending.
The development of Ethernet is very fast, starting to evolve from the typical Ethernet structure of a single long cable. The problems of a single cable, such as finding out the connection-related problems such as broken or loose locations, have driven people to develop a different type of wiring mode. In this mode, each station has a dedicated wire connected to a central hub. The hub simply connects all the connecting wires electrically, like soldering them together. Hubs cannot increase capacity because they are logically equivalent to classic Ethernet with a single cable. As more and more stations join, the share of fixed capacity shared by each station decreases. Eventually, the LAN will be saturated.
There is another way out to handle the ever-increasing load: switched Ethernet. The core of switched Ethernet is a switch, which contains a high-speed backplane that connects all ports. From the outside, switches look like hubs. They are a box, usually with 4-48 ports, and each port has a standard RJ-45 connector for connecting twisted-pair cables. The switch only outputs the frame to the port where the frame wants to go. A machine can be added or deleted by simply plugging in or unplugging the cable, and since the flaky cable or port usually only affects one machine, most errors are easy to find. This configuration mode still has the problem of a shared component failure, that is, the failure of the switch itself: if all stations lose network connectivity, the IT staff knows how to solve this problem: replace the entire switch.
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