Athlon XP Core Type
Athlon XP has four different core types, but all have commonalities: both use the Socket A interface and are all marked with PR nominal values.
Palomino
This is the core of the earliest Athlon XP, using 0.18um manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.75V, the secondary cache is 256KB, the package method uses OPGA, the front-side bus frequency is 266MHz.
Thoroughbred
This is the first Athlon XP core with a 0.13um manufacturing process. It is divided into two versions, Thoroughbred-A and Thoroughbred-B. The core voltage is about 1.65V-1.75V, the secondary cache is 256KB, and the package method is OPGA. The bus frequency is 266MHz and 333MHz.
Thorton
Using a 0.13um manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.65V, the L2 cache is 256KB, and the package method is OPGA. The front-side bus frequency is 333MHz. Can be seen as Barton with half of the secondary cache masked.
Barton
Using a 0.13um manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.65V, the L2 cache is 512KB, and the package method is OPGA. The front-side bus frequency is 333MHz and 400MHz.
New Duron Core Type
AppleBred
Using a 0.13um manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.5V, the L2 cache is 64KB, the package method is OPGA, and the front-side bus frequency is 266MHz. There are no labels labeled with PR nominal values ​​but actual frequencies, including 1.4GHz, 1.6GHz, and 1.8GHz.
Core Types of Athlon 64 Series CPUs
Sledgehammer
Sledgehammer is the core of the AMD server CPU. It is a 64-bit CPU, generally 940 interfaces, 0.13 micron process. The Sledgehammer is powerful and integrates three HyperTransprot buses. The core uses 12-stage pipelines, 128K L1 cache, and integrated 1M L2 cache, which can be used for single-to 8-way CPU servers. Sledgehammer's integrated memory controller has less latency than a memory controller traditionally located on the Northbridge. It supports dual-channel DDR memory. Because it is a server CPU, it certainly supports ECC checking.
Clawhammer
Using a 0.13um manufacturing process, the core voltage is about 1.5V, the L2 cache is 1MB, the package method is mPGA, HyperTransport bus is used, and a 128bit memory controller is built in. Socket 754, Socket 940, and Socket 939 interfaces are used.
Newcastle
The main difference between it and Clawhammer is that the secondary cache is reduced to 512KB (this is also the result of AMD's relatively low price policy for market needs and accelerated promotion of 64-bit CPUs), and other performance is basically the same.
Wincheste
Wincheste is a relatively new AMD Athlon 64 CPU core, a 64-bit CPU, typically a 939 interface, 0.09 micron manufacturing process. This core uses 200MHz FSB, supports 1GHyperTransprot bus, 512K L2 cache, and has a good price/performance ratio. The Wincheste integrated dual-channel memory controller supports dual-channel DDR memory. Due to the new process, the Wincheste generates less heat than the old Athlon, and its performance is also improved.
Troy
Troy is AMD's first Opteron core using a 90nm manufacturing process. The Troy core is based on the Sledgehammer adding a number of new technologies, usually 940 pin, with 128K L1 cache and 1MB (1,024 KB) L2 cache. It also uses 200MHz FSB, supports 1GHyperTransprot bus, integrates a memory controller, supports dual-channel DDR400 memory, and can support ECC memory. In addition, Troy core also provides support for SSE-3, the same as Intel's Xeon. Overall, Troy is a good CPU core.
Venice
The core of Venice is based on the Wincheste core and its technical parameters are basically the same as those of Wincheste: it is based on the X86-64 architecture, integrated dual-channel memory controller, 512KB L2 cache, 90nm manufacturing process, 200MHz FSB, and 1GHyperTransprot bus support. . There are three major changes in Venice: First, the use of Dual Stress Liner (referred to as DSL) technology, can increase the response speed of semiconductor transistors by 24%, this is the CPU has a larger frequency space, more easily overclocked; second is to provide Support for SSE-3 is the same as Intel's CPU. The third is to further improve the memory controller, to some extent increase the performance of the processor, and more importantly, to increase the memory controller's compatibility with different DIMM modules and different configurations. In addition, the dynamic voltage is used in the Venice core, and different CPUs may have different voltages.
SanDiego
Like San Diego, the core of the SanDiego is based on the core of Wincheste. Its technical parameters are very similar to those of Venice. Venice has the same new technologies and new features as the SanDiego core. However, AMD has positioned the SanDiego core on the top Athlon 64 processors, even for server CPUs. SanDiego can be seen as an advanced version of the Venice core, but the cache capacity has been increased from 512KB to 1MB. Of course, due to the increase in L2 cache, the core size of the SanDiego core has also increased, from the 84 square millimeters of the Venice core to 115 square millimeters, and of course the price is even higher.
Sempron series CPU core types
Paris
The core of Paris is the successor of Barton's core. It is mainly used for AMD's Sempron. The early 754 interface Sempron uses Paris core. Paris uses a 90nm manufacturing process and supports the iSSE2 instruction set, which is typically 256K L2 cache and 200MHz FSB. The Paris core is a 32-bit CPU, derived from the K8 core, and therefore also has a memory control unit. The main advantage of the CPU's built-in memory controller is that the memory controller can run at CPU frequency, which has a smaller delay than the memory controller traditionally located at Northbridge. Compared with the Socket A interface of the Sempron CPU, the performance of the Paris Core Sempron is significantly improved.
Palermo
The Palermo core is currently used for AMD's Sempron CPU, using the Socket 754 interface, 90nm manufacturing process, about 1.4V voltage, 200MHz FSB, 128K or 256K L2 cache. The Palermo core is derived from the K8 Wincheste core, and the new E6 stepping version already supports 64-bit. In addition to having the same internal architecture as AMD's high-end processors, it also possesses unique AMD technologies such as EVP, Cool'n'Quiet, and HyperTransport, which brings even more "cool" and superior computing power to a wide range of users. . With the ATI and the ATHLON64 processor, Palermo also has a memory control unit. The main advantage of the CPU's built-in memory controller is that the memory controller can run at CPU frequency, which has a smaller delay than the memory controller traditionally located at Northbridge.
Core Types of Athlon 64 X2 Series Dual Core CPUs
The core types of the Athlon 64 X2 series dual-core CPUs are Manchester and Toledo. The two are very similar. The only difference is the L2 cache.