Garbage disposal methods can generally be divided into sanitary landfills, incineration and composting.
The landfill site is a centralized waste storage site under the sanitary landfill. The waste landfill site is widely used in China because of its low cost and good sanitation. The largest landfill in the country is the Guangzhou Xingfeng Landfill, which processes about 7,000 tons of domestic waste daily.
Landfills generally use layered earth-buried landfills to dispose of the garbage. After a layer of garbage is accumulated, it is covered with a layer of loess, which can easily reduce the pollution of the garbage.
Landfill construction includes procedures for site selection, design and construction, landfill admission conditions, operation, closure, post-maintenance and management, and pollutant control and monitoring.
In 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection promulgated the Standard for Landfill Sites for the Control of Waste Landfills (GB 16889-2008), which specifies the pollution standards for the construction of landfills. In the process of revision, the standard puts forward more stringent requirements for the selection, construction, operation of the landfill site and pollution control in the entire process after the closure of the site. The standard supplements the selection of residential landfill sites, the design and construction requirements for basic facilities, and increases the entry requirements for general industrial solid wastes and domestic sewage treatment sludges that can enter the domestic waste landfills, and proposes Domestic waste incineration fly ash and other wastes that must be handled and meet the standard requirements can enter domestic garbage landfills, which will also greatly promote the construction of domestic waste incineration facilities in China.
The standard sets new requirements for the leachate treatment of domestic garbage landfills. The standard requires that existing and new domestic garbage landfills should have relatively complete sewage treatment facilities, and leachate must be treated to meet the requirements of the standards. Limits can be discharged directly. For the existing domestic refuse landfills that fail to meet the stipulated emission concentration limits within 3 years after the implementation of the standards, they shall meet the domestic waste filtration and shall undergo pretreatment, and evenly inject into the urban secondary sewage treatment plant and not exceed the urban secondary sewage. Domestic waste leachate can only be sent to the urban secondary sewage treatment plant for treatment after the treatment plant has the required sewage treatment capacity. The standard also puts forward stringent monitoring measures for odorous gases generated in domestic garbage landfills, and stipulates that methane gas should be comprehensively utilized and disposed of, and plays an active role in global climate change, promotion of energy conservation, emission reduction, and construction of a recycling-oriented society. The leachate treatment system in the construction of a municipal solid waste landfill site is the key to determining the technical success of a landfill site, and it is directly related to the degree of pollution of nearby surface water. Garbage is being landfilled and compressed landfills in two ways:
Dump - dig an open pit on the ground and bury it in the pit surrounded by a variety of animals (rats and birds). (This is the concept of most people on landfills!)
Landfill - Build well-designed facilities in the ground or on the ground to isolate waste from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, and rain). This isolation is achieved through the bottom liner and the daily soil cover. Sanitary waste landfills - use a clay lining to separate waste from the environment and landfill municipal solid waste - to isolate rubbish from the environment with a synthetic (plastic) lining. The purpose of landfill is to bury the landfill, keep it separate from the groundwater, keep it dry, and keep it out of contact with air. Under such conditions, garbage will not be largely decomposed. Landfills are different from compost piles. The purpose of the latter is to quickly decompose buried waste.
As a legacy of human daily activities, the disposal of garbage has always been a social problem. Among them, underground burial is the earliest, and it is also one of the most commonly used major waste treatment methods. It is widely used in various countries and regions in the world. However, due to the natural decomposition of a large amount of deposits in landfills, there are usually some flammable and toxic hazardous gases, which seriously threaten the personal health and safety of field workers. Therefore, it must be monitored and measured with the corresponding gas sensor.
In order to avoid the landfill waste from polluting nearby soil and groundwater, multiple compartments are generally constructed at the upper and lower parts of the landfill. The landfill waste is carried out by the bacteria in the field under anaerobic or anaerobic sealing conditions. break down. A by-product of this anaerobic decomposition is landfill gas, which includes about 45% to 60% of methane and 40% to 60% of carbon dioxide, and other minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia, and sulfides. These gases are collected by a series of built-in pipes and discharged. In order to provide the staff exposed to this environment with detailed reference information on comprehensive air quality, landfill gas diffusion, and possible "dangerous atmosphere," to ensure their personal safety. Then, all kinds of gas sensors must be used to measure key locations and hidden dangers in the landfill.
The following types of gas sensors are recommended for the ISWEW.com: Ammonia sensors, H2S sensors, combustible gas sensors, and CO2 sensors measure key locations and hidden dangers in landfills:
Japan Figaro Ammonia Sensor (NH3 Sensor) - TGS826
Ammonia sensor (NH3 sensor) TGS826 is highly sensitive to ammonia gas and can detect ammonia in the air with a concentration as low as 30ppm. It is an ideal refrigerant critical safety sensor, and can also be used for ammonia leakage detection in agriculture. .
Electrochemical hydrogen sulfide gas sensor H2S-A1 main features are no filter, two-year life, etc., is mainly used for the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas concentration in the air.
TGS6812 is a catalytic combustion flammable gas sensor that can detect 100% LEL of hydrogen, high accuracy, good stability, fast response, linear output characteristics, not only can monitor hydrogen, but also can be used to detect methane and LP gas.
Infrared Carbon Dioxide Sensor/CO2 Sensor MINIR is a CO2 sensor with ultra-low power consumption (3.5mW) and high performance, 4 Series size, ideal for battery-powered products and portable equipment; range is 0~100%, suitable for application Industrial, medical and vegetable storage.
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