Definition: Lamp powered by emergency power supply for emergency lighting in necessary spaces.
Respective disciplines: Ship engineering (a subject); Ship electrical (two subjects)
Encyclopedia Card Emergency Light: The general name for emergency lighting fixtures. The fire emergency lighting system mainly includes accident emergency lighting, emergency exit signs and indicator lights, which are set up after the normal lighting power supply is cut off in the event of a fire, to guide trapped persons to evacuate or to start fire fighting and rescue operations. However, in daily inspections, the unit found many problems in the selection, installation and use of fire emergency lighting. In this regard, reasonable choice of emergency lighting system power supply control methods, wiring, and do a good job of daily maintenance work, a direct impact on the role of fire emergency lighting system.
Types of emergency lights: portable emergency lights, fire emergency lights, energy-saving emergency lights, emergency lights, underwater emergency lights, rechargeable emergency lights, solar emergency lights, multi-functional emergency lights. DC fan DC-001 emergency light, HX-628B rechargeable emergency light, HX-618C emergency light, HX-628D rechargeable emergency light.
Control mode The emergency lighting system used in China is mainly self-contained power supply. The normal power supply is connected to the ordinary lighting power supply circuit. Usually, the emergency light battery is charged. When the normal power is cut off, the standby power supply (battery) is automatically powered. This type of emergency lamp has a large number of electronic components such as transformer, voltage regulator, charging, inverter, and battery inside each lamp. The battery needs to be charged and discharged when the emergency lamp is used, overhauled, and faulted. The other is a centralized power centralized control type. There is no independent power supply in the emergency lighting. When the normal lighting power supply fails, the centralized power supply system supplies power. In this type of emergency lighting system, the complex electronic circuits inside all the lamps are eliminated, and the emergency lighting lamps are the same as ordinary lamps. The centralized electricity supply system is set in a dedicated room.
Compared with self-contained independent control type emergency lighting, centralized power centralized control type emergency lighting has the advantages of convenient centralized management, user self-checking, fire supervision and inspection, prolonging lamp life, and improving emergency evacuation efficiency. The system has good reliability and service life. Long, convenient maintenance and management, low system price. However, centralized power centralized control type emergency luminaires do not have backup power supply (battery) in each emergency luminaire. If the power supply line fails, it will directly affect the normal operation of the emergency lighting system. Therefore, special fire protection requirements are imposed on the power supply lines. . Since the self-contained power independent emergency lighting has a backup power supply (battery) in each emergency lighting, there is no special requirement for the power supply line. Failure of the power supply line will not affect the standby power supply. In the event of a failure of an emergency light, it will generally only affect the light itself, with little impact on the entire system.
When selecting emergency lighting, emergency lighting systems should be reasonably selected according to specific conditions. In general, newly-built projects or projects with fire control rooms should be integrated as much as possible in the construction process, with centralized power centralized control-type emergency lighting; for small sites, post-renovation or secondary decoration projects should be selected Independent control power emergency lighting.
Wiring Emergency Wiring The common wiring method found in daily supervision and inspection is that it is very common that emergency lighting fixtures cannot be used normally because of incorrect wiring. Emergency lighting should be set up dedicated lines, not set up switches on the way.
The two-wire and three-wire emergency luminaires can be unified on a dedicated power supply. The setting of each dedicated power supply should be combined with the corresponding fire protection specifications. When the emergency power source and the lamp are rotated separately, the electrical emergency lamp for electrical connection shall be made of high-temperature wire to meet the fire protection requirements.
The two-wire connection method is a common emergency lighting connection method. It is suitable for emergency lights that are not used for lighting or 24 hours of continuous lighting (CED lights belong to this category). After the power is turned off, the emergency lights are automatically turned on.
Note 1, to accurately grasp the characteristics of various wiring methods, so as not to blindly connect, can not play a role;
2. Emergency lighting As part of the usual lighting, three-wire controllable connections should be used.
3. For multi-storey public buildings, if no control center is provided, the emergency lighting fixtures at various locations can be controlled by adding on-site switches (single lamp control or multi-lamp control) or centralized control of the three-wire connection within the distribution box. .
4. There is a fire control center project, in order to meet the requirements of the fire control layer and related layers of fire emergency lighting in order to meet when a fire occurs.
Installation and maintenance 1. In the engineering design, in order to facilitate the usual maintenance and management, the fire emergency lighting is preferably powered by a dedicated feeder automatic emergency lighting electrical circuit.
2. In order to ensure the reliability of the fire emergency lighting power supply, the conditions should be supplied by the low-voltage emergency bus section of the substation, that is, when the diesel generator is used as the emergency power source, as long as the generator is put into use, it will continue to guarantee electricity. powered by.
3. In the state of fire, there is less smoke and more oxygen near the ground, and the instinctive response of human evacuation is to bend over or go forward. Therefore, the local high illumination illumination is more effective than the uniform illumination caused by the high position installation. Therefore, low-level installations should be promoted, ie, evacuation emergency lighting should be provided near the ground or at the ground level.
4. The emergency lights are shipped in a discharged state and must be charged for 20 hours before they can be discharged.
5. The emergency luminaires in use shall be periodically checked for performance. Continuous switch tests shall be conducted every two weeks or one month to check the circuit conversion and emergency functions of the batteries and discharge them to prolong the service life of the batteries.
6, to do a good job of fire protection of distribution lines, laying in the non-burning body structure when the concealment, the thickness of the protective layer is not less than 30mm; when the open coat wears metal pipe, and brush fireproof coating on the outside of the steel pipe or use other fire prevention measures; Use fire-resistant cables or fire-resistant cables and wires.
Produce simple, practical emergency lights. It can automatically switch power supply during power outages. When the power supply is normal, the backup battery is automatically charged and the charging protection function is provided. Its circuit is shown in Figure 1. Here's how it works. When the power supply is normal, J2 will pull on electricity, its moving contact will be connected with “N/O (normally open point)â€, and the positive terminal of the backup battery will be connected with the inverting end of IC1. IC1 (LM308) and D5, D6 form a voltage comparator, the reference voltage is determined by D5, D6. Here, a silicon diode (D5) and a 6.2V zener diode (D6) form a reference voltage of 6.9V to monitor the charge voltage. When IC1's 2-pin input voltage (both battery voltage) is lower than 6.9V, IC1's pin 6 outputs a high level, T1 is turned on, J1 is powered, and its moving contacts are “N/O (normally open point)†Turned on, the power supply voltage charges the battery through R2, and LED2 lights up to indicate charging. Changing the R2 resistance adjusts the charge current. As the charging time increases, IC1's 2 pin voltage gradually increases. When the voltage is greater than the reference voltage of 6.9V, IC1's 6-pin output low emergency lighting level, T1 cut-off, J1 power loss, disconnect the charging circuit to achieve automatic charging Protective function.
When the power is cut off, J2 loses its power, its moving contact is connected with “N/C (normally closed point)â€, and the battery supplies power through the S1 to the emergency light circuit to realize the automatic switching function when the power is turned off. S1 is used here to manually cut off the emergency light circuit part. The emergency light circuit is composed of IC2 (NE555), T2, T3, T4, and X2. The IC2 consists of a 50Hz signal generator. The 3 pin of IC2 outputs a 50Hz signal. After T2 inverting and amplifying, a push-pull circuit composed of T3, T4, and X2 is driven, and an AC of 220V is induced on the high voltage side of X2 to make the fluorescent tube. Light up. The X2 here can directly use a 4.5V secondary transformer and a 220V primary transformer.