The basics and advantages of surgical robots : improved spatial positioning capabilities, powerful and fast computing power, and 3D digital medical imaging.
In recent years, robots have not only been used in the industrial field, but have also been promoted and applied in medical systems. At present, research on the application of robots in the medical field mainly focuses on surgical robots, rehabilitation robots, nursing robots and service robots.
A surgical robot is a combination of a set of instruments. It is usually assembled from a surgical instrument such as an endoscope (probe), a knife and scissors, a miniature camera and a joystick. According to foreign manufacturers, the working principle of the currently used surgical robot is the operation through wireless operation, that is, the doctor sits in front of the computer display, carefully observes the lesion in the patient through the display screen and the endoscope, and then passes the robot. The scalpel in the hand accurately cuts (or repairs) the lesion.
Surgical robots are currently the most widely used and most promising, providing powerful features that overcome the problems of poor precision, long operative time, fatigue of doctors, and lack of three-dimensional precision vision in traditional surgery.
The Da Vinci system was developed and manufactured by IntuiTIve Surgical (ISRG) of the United States. It was recognized by the European CE market in 1999 and officially approved by the FDA the following year. This surgical system was originally used primarily for minimally invasive surgery in urology, such as prostatectomy, and is now increasingly used in surgical minimally invasive surgery such as cardiac surgery, gynecology, and pediatric surgery.
The number of medical robot surgeries reached 250,000 in 2005 and reached 650,000 in 2016. 80% of prostatectomy is done by robots. From the global market point of view, BCG Boston Consulting data shows that as of January 2016, the global medical robot industry's annual revenue reached 7.47 billion US dollars, and the compound growth rate is expected to stabilize at 15.4% in the next five years. By 2020, the global medical robot scale is expected to reach $11.4 billion. Among them, surgical robots account for about 60% of the market. As of the end of 2014, Intuition Surgery Inc. sold 3,266 units worldwide. In the third quarter of 2015, there were 46 Da Vinci in China and 1079 in top three hospitals in China, with a penetration rate of 4.3%. From another perspective, this also shows that China's medical robot industry is still promising.
Chinese surgical robots are breaking the technological monopoly of "Da Vinci".
In November 2013, the National “863†Program Funded Project – “Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery Robot System†was successfully developed by the Robot Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology and passed the acceptance of the national “863†program expert group.
Weigao Group's "Hand S" minimally invasive surgery robotThe "Miao S" minimally invasive surgery robot is a third-generation minimally invasive surgery robot developed in cooperation with Tianjin University with independent intellectual property rights. It can realize modular assembly. At present, the robotic technology research and clinical animal experiments of laparoscopic surgery have been carried out, and complicated clinical operations such as gallbladder removal and radical bowel cancer have been successfully completed. Now, six patients have been successfully operated, which indicates that the minimally invasive surgery robot has entered the clinical stage in China. Test phase. In April 2014, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University successfully completed 3 domestic robotic operations. This is the first time that the surgical robot system independently developed in China has been used in clinical practice.
The NeuroArm is currently the only stereotactic robot compatible with MR.
Founded in 2002 and headquartered in Montpellier, in the south of France, Medtech SA is a leading global developer of surgically assisted robotic systems. The company's flagship ROSA brain robot has been approved by Europe, the United States, China, Canada and Australia. Currently used mainly in functional neurosurgery, including surgery for epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
There are many hospitals in China, such as 301, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Tiantan Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital, and Shenyang Military Region General Hospital.
CRAS (Computer and Robot Assisted Surgery, CRAS) jointly developed by the Naval General Hospital and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. CRAS is the pioneer of the domestic surgical robot system, and has completed the sixth generation of research and clinical application. The system system uses PUMA260, 262 robots as the actuator for system auxiliary operation.
The first generation of robots was first used in clinical practice in May 1997. The second generation was successfully developed in 1999 and achieved frameless stereotactic surgery. This is Huazhi CAS-R-2 . In addition to the characteristics of the first four generations of robots, the fifth-generation robots have more advanced automatic positioning functions, realizing visual automatic positioning, making surgical errors smaller, and operating operations faster and safer. The system enables remote operation surgery via the Internet. The Remebot of Beijing Baihui Weikang is the sixth generation product with active arm and smarter operating system. The products are the result of the cooperation between the Navy General Hospital (Tian Zengmin), Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Wang Tianmiao) and the company. Remebot received strong support from Tiantan Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital, 301 Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in the clinical research stage.
The NeuroBlate® System is a stereotactic robot that uses a laser system.
Foreign products include the spinal robot of Israel Mazor RoboTIcs; the joint robot of Curexo in the United States; and the joint robot of Mako of the United States also has a strong market development.
Stryker, a veteran medical company with surgical robots, has also entered the surgical robot market, with the choice of orthopedics. Stryker is one of the world's largest companies in the $35.6 billion orthopedics market. Since the development and production of the first product by Dr. Homer Stryker in 1941, it has 30 modern factories. The company's products include joint replacement, trauma, craniofacial, spinal, surgical equipment, neurosurgery, ENT, interventional pain management, minimally invasive surgery, navigation surgery, intelligent operating room and network communication, biotechnology, medical bed, first aid Push the bed and so on. In 2013, Stryker acquired Mako Surgicals and its related core technologies for $1.65 billion. Headquartered in Florida, Mako's flagship products include the Makoplasty Total Hip Replacement System. MAKOplasty consists of a highly accurate RIO robotic arm system and an innovative hip-knee prosthesis system that breaks through the limitations of traditional tools and uses minimally invasive surgical procedures to accurately implant the prosthesis and restore the natural hip joint. And knee joints. The MAKOplasty knee system is designed for patients with knee osteoarthritis in the early to middle stages and can undergo a single or multiple room prosthesis replacement. Allows the doctor to adjust the knee line and soft tissue balance in real time during surgery. And through the minimally invasive surgery to retain more bone and tissue, the patient recovers faster. MAKOplasty hip arthroplasty can accurately define the depth of the glenoid entry and guide the direction and angle through the robotic arm, thus achieving more precise and safe operation.
The new generation of products Tianzhu is the third generation of domestic orthopedic surgery robots of Tianzhihang. It is the only orthopaedic robotic system in the world that can perform limbs, pelvic fractures and full spine segments (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, atlas). The products were jointly developed by Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (Tian Wei), Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Wang Tianmiao) and Beijing Tianzhihang Medical Technology.
DNT orthopedic surgery robot precise positioning error of less than 1 mm. On November 16, 2016, the powerful “Tianlu†officially obtained the medical device registration certificate issued by the State Food and Drug Administration, and obtained the key “passport†required for official listing. “Scorpio†is far ahead of the global similar products with its sub-millimeter high-precision “eye†and high-stability “handâ€. During the clinical trial period, the previous generation of “Scorpio†has been used in more than ten hospitals across the country, with more than 2,000 operations. The "Matt I" orthopedic surgery robot is also eager to try.
Due to the rapid development of vascular interventional procedures and the good prospects of vascular interventional application of robots, countries around the world are accelerating the development of robots for vascular interventional surgery. The United States, Israel, Japan, Germany, and South Korea have successively conducted research on vascular interventional surgery robots. Among them, Hansen and Corpath are FDA-approved and are actively used in the clinic, mainly in the field of cardiac intervention.
National 863 Project, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Wang Tianmiao, Liu Da), Beijing Institute of Technology (Guo Shuxiang), Naval General Hospital (Tian Zengmin) and Beijing Hospital (Wang Daming) jointly developed China's first vascular interventional robot , successfully completed cerebral angiography Clinical surgery.
More research teams are joining the ranks. Beijing Tiantan Hospital (Li Youxiang) and Beijing Institute of Technology (Guo Shuxiang) team; Fudan University team (Yu Bo): Independent research and development of domestic remote CNC vascular interventional robot, successfully completed animal whole cerebral angiography. The system's dedicated digital catheter head has multiple joints, each joint can be bent in any direction to adapt to the natural anatomy of the blood vessel; the matching guide wire and the catheter can realize digital independent rotation and advance and retreat, which can effectively reduce the intracavity operation on the blood vessel wall. Cause damage.
Chinese Academy of Sciences: This vascular interventional robot has a high-precision robotic arm similar to that of a human arm. It has a robotic positioning and navigation technology based on multi-data fusion. It can use lasers to locate the surgical site. "If the doctor does not use this robot, It takes hundreds of animal experiments to find the surgical site. With this technology, the position and pressure of the blood vessels can be sensed through the robotic arm, which greatly improves the accuracy of the operation.
Surgical robots are infiltrating various surgical subspecialties, including dentistry, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and transplant surgery.
The number of medical robot surgeries reached 250,000 in 2005 and reached 650,000 in 2016. 80% of prostatectomy is done by robots.
Types of robotic surgery : in general surgery, partial gastrectomy, appendectomy, gastrostomy, mastectomy, etc.; cholecystectomy for hepatobiliary surgery, hilar jejunostomy, total bile duct ostomy, etc.; Department of hysterectomy, ovarian dislocation, uterine myomectomy, etc.; urology, prostatectomy, nephrectomy, ureteroplasty, etc.; cardiac bypass surgery, valve repair, esophagus Surgery surgery, such as tumor resection, Da Vinci surgery robot can be done beautifully.
The biggest feature of the robot is that it has the dexterity that people don't have. The basis is: 1. The tremor filter system can filter the hand vibration of the surgeon; 2. The motion reduction system can proportionally (5:1) reduce the surgeon's motion range. .
The lack or lack of tactile feedback (force feedback) is slowly improving as technology advances.
AR and VR , as well as mixed reality, will be more convenient for surgery.
Future direction: In the future, the development of medical robots should pay more attention to lightweight, precise and smart robotic mechanism design innovation; system integration for specific surgical process requirements, operating room applications, remote operation and remote operation; high-precision 3D tracking and positioning And visualization technology to achieve real-time calibration and registration in the process; combined with the Internet and big data. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence will open up a new world of surgical robots.
Conditions of telemedicine in the future we will have telemedicine, doctors can operate on patients in other parts of the world; the development of telemedicine also means a higher level of competition among doctors, which increases the surgeon's access threshold, Let them be the best in their field. The minimally invasive concept further deepens. In the future, we can perform surgery on patients only through a single wound. It is possible to insert a snake-shaped robotic arm or micro-robot through the navel or blood vessels to complete the surgery.
220Kv Steel Pole,Suspension Steel Pole,220Kv Galvanized Pol,Polygonal Transmission Steel Pole
Jiangsu Baojuhe Science and Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.galvanizedsteelpole.com