The Chinese Academy of Engineering academician He Hezhen recently called on the Internet of Things to be an important feature of informationization in the new era. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the most important direction for Internet of Things applications and the necessary support for advanced manufacturing. The importance of IIoT is to spend money. I can't buy it either." However, he believes that the lack of standards and security for interconnection is two of the major issues facing IIoT.
He Hezhen said that at present, IIoT is in the stage of enterprise networking, and IIoT itself is a big industry, which has made great contributions to economic development. He initially divided the Internet of Things into four parts: hardware terminals, responsible for information collection; communication services (transport layer); cloud platform; software system. The proportion of these four parts in the IoT industry chain is 5% for hardware terminals, 10% for communication services, 10% for platform services, and 55% for software development integrated value-added services.
The IIoT uses a large number of sensors. At present, the third largest application area of ​​sensors is industry, and the front in the industry are mobile phones and automobiles. In the future, industry is expected to surpass mobile phones and automobiles as the most important application areas for sensors. In the industrial field, there are many types of sensors, including flow sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors, which account for 21%, 19%, and 14% of industrial sensors, respectively, and are the three types of sensors with the highest proportion.
With the sensor, only the message is generated. The information needs to be collected through intelligent instruments, instruments installed in the field, distributed control system DCS, field control system FCS, programmable logic control PLC, etc. The process of collecting data goes through a bus, to the monitoring and data acquisition system, as well as to the upper connection line, cut-in, control, and back-end.
The reason why IIoT developed in the past few years is not very good, mainly because there is no good communication technology to support its rapid development. The earliest communication technology of IIoT was the on-site bus, but since the standards were too much and too chaotic, standardization has not been achieved. Later, the cost of Ethernet network was relatively low, but Industrial Ethernet also faced the problem of multiple standards. The standards were not compatible between manufacturers due to their own interests.
In addition, security is also a big problem for IIoT. The IIoT stays online forever, although it is not connected to the external network, but the physical isolation may also be attacked by the external network virus due to management negligence. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) commented on the top 10 breakthrough technologies in 2017, and the Zombie Internet of Things is one of them.
Once a safety issue occurs in IIoT, the impact is difficult to estimate and therefore requires more stringent security protection techniques. For example, real-time network performance monitoring and early warning technology, decentralized sensory technology for industrial data, preventing identification, tracking and access of unauthorized entities, decentralized authentication and experimental models, energy efficient encryption data protection, heterogeneous privacy protection, etc. .
In addition, the issue of ownership of industrial materials is now a major challenge that IIoT needs to overcome. The equipment is sold to users, but is the information received by the equipment owned by the equipment manufacturer or the data user? In addition, it is necessary to build a bridge between IIoT technology and product providers and vertical industry application parties, and solutions for different industries and enterprises are needed.
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