1 analysis of current status of power system
According to the electrical system drawings of the passenger building, considering the actual power consumption of the building, the power supply system has the following characteristics: (1) The phenomenon that the voltage at the end of the original power grid is low due to the boosting transformation of the transmission network around the building, but The voltage of the power grid is generally high, especially the voltage is higher at night. In some areas, the voltage of 220V at night reaches 254V, which is generally close to 240V. At this time, the use of electrical equipment above the rated voltage of the equipment will result in The equipment is overheated, shortens the life, and consumes a lot more power than under normal voltage, resulting in more electricity expenses and increased operating costs. At the same time, the continued power bottleneck will lead to instability of the passenger building's voltage and affect the use of equipment.
(2) At present, the lighting system of the passenger terminal building is extensive and has a large daily electricity consumption.
(3) The lamps used in the waiting hall of the passenger building and the ticketing hall are large in power and high in installation position, and the maintenance and replacement operations are difficult.
Lamp repair and replacement costs are high, and human and material consumption is large.
2 analysis of energy saving principle of lighting system
(1) The rated voltage of the luminaire is 380V / 220V, and the rated power consumed at the rated voltage can provide the standard design illuminance, but the actual luminaire is often subjected to voltages higher or lower than the rated voltage. When the actual voltage is higher than the rated voltage by 10%, the power consumption of the lamp will exceed 20% of the rated power, which consumes a large amount of power and is detrimental to the service life of the device. If the best voltage is used, the power can be saved by 10% and 20% under normal conditions, which basically does not affect the use of lighting and other electrical appliances.
(2) Most of the lighting systems in the passenger building use luminescent fluorescent lamps, sodium lamps, mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and other lamps. These lamps have the advantages of high luminous efficiency, good light color, and easy installation. However, they also have the disadvantages of low power factor, strict voltage requirements, and large power consumption. It can be seen from 1 that when the lamp voltage exceeds 10% of the rated voltage, The lamp life is doubled; when the lamp voltage is rated at 90%, the lamp life is doubled and the brightness is reduced by 7%. At this time, the life is increased by 4 times compared with the overpressure of 10%, and the brightness value is only attenuated compared with the rated state. %, the human eye has a logarithmic relationship with the light, that is, when the brightness of the light is increased by 10 times, the person can feel the brightness is increased by 1 time, and when the brightness of the light is reduced by 7%, the human eye is hard to perceive, therefore, the lamp voltage The optimum illumination voltage is 90% of the rated value.
3 power saving equipment selection
3. 1 characteristics of power-saving equipment
(1) Good reliability, the host should use high-quality materials, high efficiency and low consumption; with fault bypass function.
(2) The sudden change of the power supply voltage can be reflected in time to ensure the balance of the operating conditions and reduce the energy consumption caused by the voltage.
(3) Improve the three-phase unbalanced power supply voltage to reduce the voltage of the negative sequence and the zero sequence component generated under the unbalanced state of the power supply, so that the load can reduce the additional loss and achieve a certain power saving effect.
(4) Using non-phase control technology, it will not generate any electromagnetic interference and pollution to the power grid and electrical equipment, and can effectively reduce the higher harmonics of the power grid input three times or more on the power supply circuit, thus reducing the high harmonics. The impact of the wave on the load device and improves the accuracy of the metering device.
(5) It has the phenomenon of reducing the lightning of the working line caused by the operation or failure of the relevant line of the power system, so that there is no sudden change on the working line and the working state is stable.
(6) A wide range of applications, and is mainly applicable to a variety of different types of lighting loads.
(7) There is a high power saving rate (saving rate 15% 35%).
(8) It can extend the service life of lamps and reduce maintenance costs and workload.
(9) High cost performance, low investment, short payback period, and long-term benefits after installation.
(10) The equipment is small in size, easy to install, and does not need to be manually guarded after installation.
3. 2 Performance of various types of power savers in the market
The cost performance of various types of power-saving equipment is shown in 1.
1 various types of energy-saving equipment cost-effective
According to the operating conditions of the three-phase asynchronous squirrel cage motor, the input frequency of the motor is adjusted, the speed of the motor is changed, and the output power of the motor is controlled. The output power of the motor is matched to the actual needs.
An environment that is insensitive to the speed requirement and has a certain power adjustment space. For example: fans, pumps and other equipment.
Depending on the requirements of the process environment for the motor speed, and the power adjustment space allowed by the load margin.
The power saving rate is generally 20% 50%.
High-circuit transient suppressor A transient suppression device made of semiconductor material that filters transient surges and harmonics in the grid circuit, improves the operating efficiency of the device, and extends the life of the device. It is connected in parallel in the circuit to save power by multi-level control of the power supply system.
Parallel in the circuit. Can be used in combination with other power savers.
It depends on the probability, frequency and peak value of the grid voltage distortion. It is a passive power saving. Due to the different quality of the power grid, the power saving rate is also different (the power saving rate is 5% 16%.) The high phase control voltage regulating mode adjusts the motor by detecting the phase difference of the three-phase asynchronous squirrel cage motor. The excitation voltage and the excitation current change the output power of the motor to provide the motor output torque according to the load size. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the impact of the motor on the power grid and improve the operating power factor of the motor.
The load type of the electric motor is in the case of a large-sized horse-drawn carriage with a large impact type or a large motor configuration. It can also be applied to soft start and soft stop of the motor.
It depends on the objective environment such as the load rate of the motor, the operating power factor, and the duty cycle of the load. The power saving rate is 10% 25%.
The medium-capacitor phase shifting method differs depending on the power factor of the load in the internal grid of the enterprise. By power factor compensation at the end of the load, the internal power line loss of the enterprise can be reduced to achieve the purpose of power saving.
Inductive load with high power, low load rate and low power factor. Mainly used in the industrial field.
It depends on the power factor of the load operation and the wire diameter and length of the distribution cable. The power saving rate is generally 10% 25%.
The power management system based on low automatic control and computer technology obtains the running status of the load in the central centralized control room by collecting, transmitting and displaying the operating status and power parameters of each load of the enterprise. And can be adjusted and controlled. The ability to provide fault alarms, abnormal event records, etc. is the technical basis for establishing a modern enterprise power management system.
All low voltage distribution systems. Can be widely used in industrial and commercial fields.
It depends on the combination of the perfect system and the system of enterprise power management. The power saving effect is more difficult to measure than the corporate finance.
The high electromagnetic balance type achieves the purpose of power saving by removing excess voltage, suppressing harmonics, improving power factor, etc. through electromagnetic voltage regulation, electromagnetic phase shifting, electromagnetic balance and other technologies.
It is connected in series and is mainly suitable for light load systems such as lighting and lighting and small power hybrid load systems.
Depends on the grid power supply parameter margin. For example: voltage excess, harmonic content, power factor conditions, etc.
The larger the margin, the better the power saving effect obtained. The effect is intuitive, the power saving rate is 15% 35%.
3. 3 Electromagnetic Balance Technology Saver
It is a power saving device that is more suitable for lighting systems.
(1) According to the current market, the electromagnetic balance power-saving system uses its unique control method to optimize the voltage and current of the lighting system, so that the lighting system always works in an optimal state. For the process, see 2, the power input from the power supply to the system is P1. If the power saver is not installed, P1 is completely consumed on the luminaire. The energy used by the luminaire for the illuminating part is P2, and the other part of the energy P1 is used for heating. The form is wasted, and the life of the lamp is degraded. P 1= P2+ P1. The intelligent lighting saver can automatically optimize the power supply and filter out the useless power P 1. It is fed back to the grid through the power feedback system, and P 1 is the saved energy.
(2) Power savers using electromagnetic balance technology are generally designed with high-efficiency electromagnetic materials and advanced microprocessor control technology and digital technology. It adopts intuitive display and convenient and safe parameter setting, safe and reliable cycle switching mode, all-round fault protection operation mode, automatic voltage regulation control mode and other new technologies in one energy-saving product, which will use the voltage and current of the electric equipment. Controlling the optimal power consumption, automatically adjusting the power consumption of the power equipment, and secondary processing the power quality of the power supply system, thereby achieving the dual purpose of extending the service life of the power equipment and saving power.
4 electromagnetic balance power saver principle and system structure
In short, the electromagnetic balance power-saving system is mainly a device protection and power-saving control device for the main distribution cabinet and the secondary distribution cabinet of the 380V / 220V AC low-voltage distribution system. Power saving is achieved by reducing the input voltage, adjusting the three-phase balance, and eliminating higher harmonics (especially the third harmonic) and reactive power compensation.
4. 1 adjust the input voltage
The electromagnetic balance saver optimizes the input voltage of the power supply system, and uses DVR (Grid Voltage Regulation) technology to adjust the residual voltage so that the voltage fed to the light load is the optimum value, achieving the dual purpose of saving electricity and ensuring lighting requirements.
4. 2 Eliminate higher harmonics (especially third harmonics) and reactive power compensation
It can improve the power factor, reduce the line loss, and improve the system power efficiency, so that the capacity of the electric appliance can be increased without expanding the power line.
4. 3 adjust the three-phase balance
Eliminating the unbalance of the three-phase voltage can reduce the neutral current, thereby reducing the negative sequence and zero-sequence voltage and current components, improving the operating state of the device, and reducing the additional loss due to the increase of the negative sequence and zero-sequence voltage and current.
4. System structure of 4 power-saving equipment
(1) Its internal structure is equivalent to a series of series reactors connected to a voltage-regulating and non-phase-controlled electromagnetic variable device, with a set of absorption and surge (3, 5, 7 times) absorption on the power grid. Compensating the loop and adjusting the phase difference between the output voltage and current to increase the power factor.
From the principle structure, it can be known that when the voltage U is applied to the A, B, and C windings, the output is output from the A, B, and C windings, and the magnetic flux generated by the excitation coils of the A, B, and C windings meets in the same overall iron. On the core, the electromagnetic potentials on the three-phase iron core are balanced with each other, and the induced induced electromotive force is counteracted on the A, B, and C windings to balance the output voltage. In addition, the phase difference between the surge, the higher harmonics and the voltage and current on the power grid is mutually induced by the coil and the iron core, and the quality of the power grid can be greatly improved after being processed by the absorption compensation loop.
(2) The control part consists of the main control part of the man-machine interface, the electricity grid detection part of the electricity grid, the data calculation center part, the command control and the controlled processing part. The electric grid power detection part detects that the grid and load conditions are converted into data and sent to the data calculation center. The data calculation center part issues instructions after precise calculation and benchmark comparison, and the command control and controlled processing parts are quickly made after receiving the instructions. The reaction, to control the movement, allows the movement to output the ideal high-quality voltage and current to meet the electrical equipment. The main control part of the man-machine interface can also manually control the power parameters of each part.
5 energy saving system solutions
5. 1 design ideas
In order to ensure the safety of the power system and not change the line and function of the original power supply system, the ultimate goal is to achieve the best energy saving effect with minimum investment.
5. 2 book electrical capacity selection
Select the capacity ( kVA ) of the corresponding power saver according to the actual capacity of each loop of the lighting system.
Due to the different load characteristics of various lamps, the power saving rate is also greatly different. If the power is saved separately, better power saving benefits will be obtained.
For the power saver parameters of the passenger building lighting system, see 23.
(1) The total installed energy saving capacity of D5 and D8 cabinets is 806 kVA;
2 low cabinet D8 power saver configuration
3 low cabinet D5 power saver configuration
(2) The normal use time is calculated according to 10 h / d; (3) The electricity fee is calculated according to industrial electricity consumption of 0.9 yuan / kWh; (4) The use time is 365 d for the whole year; (5) Power saving after use of power-saving equipment The rate is generally 15% 30%. According to the experience and understanding of the voltage situation of the passenger building and the characteristics of the luminaire, it is estimated that the power saving rate can reach about 20% (the final power saving rate can be tested on the spot).
5. 3 Estimate the return on investment based on the above parameters
(1) Annual electricity consumption fee = total capacity capacity utilization factor power factor annual working time electricity price = 806 kVA 80% 0. 85 10 h /d 365 d 0. 9 = 1 800 442. 8 yuan (2) annual electricity saving fee = Annual electricity consumption rate = 1 800 442. 8 20% = 360 088. 4 yuan (3) Investment cost = 806kVA 500 yuan / kVA = 40. 3 million (4) Return on investment = annual electricity saving % investment Cost = 360 088. 4 % 403 000 = 89. 35% ( 5) Payback period = 12 months % Return on investment = 13. 4 months The return rate of the passenger building after installing the power saver is 89.
35%, the investment payback period is about 13 months.
6 conclusion
According to the above analysis, the power-saving scheme is a new energy-saving and environmentally-friendly technical solution with higher investment efficiency. It also meets the national policy of rational use of electricity and electricity conservation. Its economic benefits and additional benefits are also quite obvious.
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