First, the use of static surface tension tester when the surface tension, the surfactant concentration in three cases
1. The concentration of surfactant in the solution is below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). At this time, the static surface tension decreases with increasing surfactant concentration at any time, as shown by the slashes in the figure above.
2. The concentration of surfactant in the solution is equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC). At this time, the static surface tension drops to the inflection point. The inflection point as above.
3. The concentration of surfactant in the solution is greater than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). At this time, the static surface tension is only slightly reduced, as indicated by the horizontal line in the figure above.
The concentration of the surfactant in the coating ink or plating bath is always greater than the CMC value, so that the wetting and leveling effect can be obtained. Static surface tensiometers have a minimal change in value when the test surface concentration is greater than CMC. In other words, static surface tension meter does not reflect the change of surfactant concentration.
Static surface tension, such as the pull ring method, uses a ring that is initially immersed in a liquid to pull a liquid film out of the liquid, and the surface tension is calculated by measuring the force that the ring needs to exert when it is removed from the liquid surface.
When the surfactant concentration is greater than the CMC value, the surfactant will not increase the arrangement at the gas-liquid interface, but will form micelles or free states in the liquid, so the pull ring method cannot measure the increase in concentration. The difference in surface tension.
Second, the dynamic surface tension meter
The bubbling dynamic surface tension meter blows a bubble out of the capillary, creating a new gas-liquid interface inside the solution. It takes time for the surfactant in the solution to migrate to the new interface. The faster the surfactant migrates, the lower the surface tension drops at the same bubble life, and the faster the wetting of the substrate. During the drying process, the viscosity in the ink layer or film will increase exponentially. If the wetting agent migrates slowly, it cannot migrate to the liquid-solid interface wetting substrate. In some processes that require rapid drying, such as printing, flexographic printing generally observe dynamic surface tensions with a bubble life of 100-300 milliseconds. The wood lacquer usually observes a bubble life of 500 milliseconds to 10 seconds.
In addition, the dynamic surface tension has a lot to do with the leveling, recoating performance and shrinkage. The dynamic surface tension meter can help solve various problems related to surface tension.
Germany SITA dynamic surface tension meter
Therefore, using the bubbling dynamic surface tension meter, it is possible to measure changes in surface tension at different surfactant concentrations to guide production or R&D.
ZGAR AZ Ice Box Vape
ZGAR electronic cigarette uses high-tech R&D, food grade disposable pod device and high-quality raw material. All package designs are Original IP. Our designer team is from Hong Kong. We have very high requirements for product quality, flavors taste and packaging design. The E-liquid is imported, materials are food grade, and assembly plant is medical-grade dust-free workshops.
Our products include disposable e-cigarettes, rechargeable e-cigarettes, rechargreable disposable vape pen, and various of flavors of cigarette cartridges. From 600puffs to 5000puffs, ZGAR bar Disposable offer high-tech R&D, E-cigarette improves battery capacity, We offer various of flavors and support customization. And printing designs can be customized. We have our own professional team and competitive quotations for any OEM or ODM works.
We supply OEM rechargeable disposable vape pen,OEM disposable electronic cigarette,ODM disposable vape pen,ODM disposable electronic cigarette,OEM/ODM vape pen e-cigarette,OEM/ODM atomizer device.
ZGAR AZ ICE BOX Disposable Vape,ZGAR AZ ICE BOX disposable electronic cigarette, ZGAR AZ ice box vape ,ZGAR AZ Ice Box E-cig,AZ ICE BOX disposable electronic cigarette
Zgar International (M) SDN BHD , https://www.zgarvapepen.com