By 2030, due to the increased level of automation, 14% of the world's workforce, or about 375 million people, may need to change careers. This phenomenon, which economists call "labor shifting," is praised by technologists as a simple solution to the large-scale transfer problem brought about by automation.
However, with the emergence of innovations such as self-driving cars, unmanned convenience stores, algorithmic stock trading and drone delivery in our lives, there is not only any institutionalized retraining to solve this problem, and few people Focus on how this shift will affect the groups that are deprived of the most rights in our society.
Women, blacks, and Latins are left behind in an automated future
A recent study found that in the EU, a large proportion of workers who have received secondary education and income below the median income may be affected by technology-driven labor losses. The least affected employment families are “offices and administrationsâ€, while the most affected working families are “architectural and engineering†– both families have large gender differences.
In a study conducted by the World Economic Forum in 2018, it is not surprising that women are more likely to lose their jobs than men as the level of automation increases, because in the traditional sense of women’s jobs, these women face history. The highest unemployment rate.
Not only do women have a strong influence, but those who are colored also face the same dilemma. In fact, the Brookings Institution assessed the automation potential of the most concentrated occupations of the 20 minority groups and then compared it to the number of workers in each occupation to assess the impact of automation on race.
Unsurprisingly, they found that the occupational potential of Hispanic people was the highest, nearly 60%, followed by blacks, with a 50% ratio. It is worth noting that in low-skilled jobs, white workers earn $3 more than black workers.
To make matters worse, low-income people are less likely to participate in retraining than middle-income and high-income people. In the EU, low-skilled workers are half as likely to participate in learning activities as the EU's general population, and this gap has increased in 2012 and 2015. Not only are minority work more likely to be replaced by automation, but these populations are also less likely to engage in traditional vocational retraining programs.
As a minority female technical expert, I have personally experienced how difficult it is for ethnic minorities to have high technical literacy. Among these people, it is even more difficult for women to have technical literacy. If the “retraining†program emphasizes computer literacy and high-tech tasks, then these people are likely to be further entangled – especially among middle-aged people in these communities.
Education programmes for unskilled workers must take into account factors such as digital literacy, time and financial resources, and how to motivate and encourage workers to change career paths.
How to maintain equality in an automated world
For a long time, I have been advocating STEM projects for ethnic minorities (STEM is the acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematicas, four subjects), but these projects are in training. A new generation of female minority technicians performed well, but they did not address the unemployment problem faced by the minority population. We also urgently need union-supported educational programs to meet the needs of workers.
Considering that adult learners who have received MOOCS courses are mostly those who already have college and graduate degrees, the Internet may democratize information, but for those who have never even contacted Google, retraining programs need to be online. Go on, not online education.
Automation is a necessary force for the advancement of our society. In many ways it benefits our society and will continue to benefit society. But when we face the "fourth industrial revolution," we must consider how to ensure the fair distribution of automation benefits. In order to provide greater opportunities to all members of our society.
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