Wiring method for electric vehicle motor

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Because the commutation method is different, the brush motor and the brushless motor not only have different internal structures, but also have a very different wiring.

1. Wiring method for brush motor. Brushed motors generally have two positive and negative leads. Generally, the red line is the positive pole of the motor, and the black line is the negative pole of the motor. If the positive and negative poles are exchanged, only the motor will be reversed, and the motor will not be damaged.

2. Judgment of the phase angle of the brushless motor of electric vehicles. The phase angle of the brushless motor of an electric vehicle is the abbreviation of the phase algebraic angle of the brushless motor, and refers to the angle at which the current direction of the coil inside the coil of the brushless motor changes in one energization period. Common phase algebra angles for brushless motors for electric vehicles are 120° and 60°.

Observe the phase position of the Hall component installation space to judge the phase angle of the brushless motor. The installation positions of the Hall elements of the 120° and 60° phase angle motors are different.

Measuring the true value of the Hall to determine the phase angle of the brushless motor

Need to explain what is the magnetic pull angle of the brushless motor. The number of magnetic steels of a brushless motor is generally 12, 16 or 18, and the corresponding number of stator slots is 36 slots, 48 ​​slots or 54 slots. When the motor is at rest, the magnetic flux of the rotor magnet has the characteristic of walking along the direction of the reluctance. Therefore, the position of the rotor magnet is stopped just at the position of the salient pole of the stator slot. The magnetic steel does not stop at the position of the stator core, so that the relative position of the rotor and the stator is only 36, 48 or 54 of these limited positions. Therefore, the minimum magnetic pull angle of a brushless motor is 360/36°, 360/48° or 360/54°. The brush element of the brushless motor has five leads, which are the common power supply positive pole of the Hall element, the common power negative pole, the A phase Hall output, the B phase Hall output and the C phase Hall output. We can use the five Hall leads of the brushless controller (60° or 120°) to connect the positive and negative power supplies of the brushless motor Hall element leads, and the lead wires of the three A, B and C phase sensors. Arbitrarily connected to the leads of the controller's Hall signal leads. When the controller is powered on and the controller supplies power to the Hall element, the phase angle of the brushless motor can be detected. The method is as follows: use the multimeter's +20V DC voltage block, and measure the voltage of the three leads by the black test lead grounding wire and the red test lead, and record the high and low voltages of the three lead wires. Rotate the motor slightly, let the motor rotate through a minimum magnetic tension angle, measure and record the high and low voltages of the three leads again, and measure the recording 6 times. We use 1 for high potential and 0 for low potential, then -

If it is a 60° brushless motor and continuously rotates 6 minimum magnetic pull angles, the measured Hall true signal should be: 100, 110, 111, 011, 001, 000. Adjust the pin order of the three Hall element leads so that the true value signal changes in strict accordance with the above truth value, so that the three phases A, B, and C of the 60° brushless motor are judged.

If it is a 120° brushless motor and continuously rotates 6 minimum magnetic pull angles, the measured Hall true signal should be changed according to the law of 100, 110, 010, 011, 001, 101, so that the Hall element leads are energized. The phase sequence is judged.

3. Wiring method of brushless motor. There are 3 coil leads of the brushless motor and 5 of the Hall leads. These 8 leads must correspond to the corresponding leads of the controller, otherwise the motor cannot rotate normally.

Generally speaking, brushless motors with 60° and 120° phase angles need to be driven by the corresponding 60° and 120° phase angle brushless motor controllers. The two phase angle controllers cannot be directly interchanged. . (Korean modern universal self-learning controller 60 ° and 120 ° controller does not bear the problem of phase angle, wiring is the same) is a 60 ° phase angle brushless motor and 60 ° phase angle controller connected to the 8 lines There are two types of correct wiring, one for forward rotation and one for reverse rotation.

Because for the brushless motor with 120° phase angle, by adjusting the phase sequence of the coil lead and the phase sequence of the Hall lead, there are 6 correct wirings for the 8 wires connected to the controller, and 3 of them are positive. Turn, the other three types of motor are reversed.

If the brushless motor is reversed, it indicates that the phase angle of the brushless controller and the brushless motor are matched. We can adjust the steering of the motor like this: exchange the brushless motor with the A and C of the Hall lead of the brushless controller. Wiring; at the same time, the brushless motor and the main phase line A, B of the brushless controller are exchanged.