With the advancement of technology and the development of the times, the development speed of computer hardware is extremely fast. CPU frequency continues to improve, from single core to dual core, and then to multicore; memory is also booming to develop, from SDRAM to DDR, from DDR to DDR2 to DDR3; the development of hard drives is also rapidly improving in the continuous technological progress. From capacity and speed to interface. From the early PATA to SATA, SCSI to SAS, and the breakthrough in capacity of perpendicular recording technology, but these advances have not changed the way disk is recorded.
As people's demand for data increases, the bottleneck of storage systems becomes more and more obvious. In the harsh environment of embedded devices and industrial automation control, the traditional hard disk mechanical structure can not meet the requirements, and all of this has changed with the arrival of solid-state storage (SSD).
â–²Solid State Drive (SSD)
â–² Samsung SSD
â–² Samsung SSD
What is a solid state drive (SSD)? Solid State Disk, which is a hard disk made of a solid state electronic memory chip array, consists of a control unit (master chip) and a memory unit (DRAM or FLASH chip). The storage unit is responsible for storing data, and the control unit is responsible for reading and writing data.
â–²Solid state hard disk
What are the advantages of SSDs, which can be divided into the following aspects: Solid-state hard disk (SSD) eliminates the traditional magnetic media, uses electronic storage media for data storage and reading and writing technology, has fast speed, no noise, shock resistance, weight, weight Light and other advantages. Let's take a closer look at Solid State Drives (SSDs).
Because solid state drives (SSDs) eliminate the traditional mechanical structure and use full-chip storage, they work in harsh environments with higher collision resistance than conventional mechanical storage, as well as higher stability and reliability. In terms of reading and writing, it is also much faster than traditional mechanical storage, because the solid-state hard disk (SSD) is completely semiconductorized, there is no data search, seek time, read delay, etc., so the data reading speed is fast. The reflection time is short.
â–² traditional mechanical hard disk and solid state hard disk
According to related tests, using SSD hard drives, win7 boot is 45% faster than traditional mechanical hard drives, PS applications are 24% faster, and game reads are 20% faster. Solid-state drives (SSDs) use full-chip storage, so solid-state drives (SSDs) don't generate any noise during operation, and they consume a lot of power, and are relatively small in size and weight. Since the traditional mechanical hard disk is mostly made of a full metal casing, it is bulky and generally heavy, and is not easy to carry, but the solid state drive (SSD) does not have these disadvantages. Due to the use of chip-type storage, the storage device is much lighter than the traditional mechanical storage device as a whole, and the volume is also much smaller. There is no structural limitation, and it can be designed into a special electronic disk of various interfaces and shapes according to actual conditions, and is also more convenient. carry.
â–²Solid State Drive (SSD) internal structure
â–² solid state drive read and write speed test results
The scope of work is greater. Traditional mechanical storage, due to design and manufacturing processes, storage methods and working principles, the operating environment is more demanding, working temperature environment, unstable environment, mobile working environment, etc. are greatly limited. For example, the operating temperature of a typical mechanical disk drive is maintained between 5 degrees Celsius and 55 degrees Celsius. But most solid-state drives (SSDs) can operate from -10 degrees Celsius to +70 degrees Celsius. Some industrial grade solid state drives (SSDs) can also operate from -45 degrees Celsius to +85 degrees Celsius, and even military-grade products can be in- Work at a temperature limit of 55 degrees Celsius to 135 degrees Celsius.
â–²Solid state hard disk
However, solid-state drives (SSDs) are not omnipotent. They are not flawless, such as high manufacturing costs, low capacity, resistance to magnetic fields, poor antistatic, limited write life (based on flash memory), and the inability to recover after data corruption. . Let's take a look at it together.
Solid state drives (SSDs) are costly. Due to manufacturing costs such as semiconductor products and manufacturing processes, the price per GB of solid-state hard disk (SSD) still has a certain gap compared with traditional mechanical hard disks. However, in 2012, solid-state drives (SSDs) are expected to be less than one dollar per GB, and will gradually become popular in the next few years.
â–²Solid State Drive (SSD)
Low capacity. Due to the cost of solid-state hard disk (SSD) and technology, there is still a certain gap in storage capacity compared to traditional mechanical hard disks, and the capacity of traditional mechanical hard disks is still growing, and it is said to exceed 4TB capacity.
â–²Solid State Drive (SSD)
Write life and data corruption are difficult to recover and write life is limited (flash based). Typical flash write life is 10,000 to 100,000 times, and special ones can reach 1 million to 5 million times. However, the number of writes to certain parts of the file system (such as the file allocation table) will remain during the life of the computer. Exceed this limit. A special file system or firmware can share the location of the write, so that the overall life of the solid state drive is more than 20 years.
â–²Solid state hard disk
Data corruption is difficult to recover. If a general mechanical hard disk is damaged, it may recover some data through data recovery, but if it is solid-state storage, once the chip is damaged, it is necessary to retrieve the data in a chip that is broken into several flaps or broken down by current. It is impossible. Of course, this kind of deficiency can also be compensated for by sacrificing storage space. The backup mainly implemented by RAID 1 is the same as the traditional storage backup principle. Due to the high cost of SSDs at present, backup in this way is still expensive.
Based on the above problems concerning the advantages and disadvantages of solid state drives (SSDs), as well as many problems on the use and purchase of SSDs on the Internet, the author summarizes some hot issues that netizens are more concerned about and answers them separately.
â–²Solid state hard disk
Question 1, "The manufacturing process, type and working principle of solid state drive (SSD)?"
A: The current solid state drives (SSDs) can basically be divided into two categories:
The first type, the flash-based solid state drive (IDE FLASH DISK, Serial ATA Flash Disk), uses the FLASH chip as the storage medium, which is what we usually call SSD. Its appearance can be made into a variety of appearances, such as: notebook hard drive, micro hard drive, memory card, USB flash drive and other styles. The biggest advantage of this SSD solid state drive is that it can be moved, and the data protection is not controlled by the power supply. It can adapt to various environments, but the service life is not high and is suitable for individual users.
â–²Solid state hard disk
In a flash-based solid state drive, the storage unit is further divided into two categories: SLC (Single Layer Cell) and MLC (MulTI-Level Cell). SLC is characterized by high cost, small capacity, but fast speed, while MLC is characterized by large capacity and low cost, but slow. Each unit of the MLC is 2 bits, which is twice as large as the SLC. However, due to the large amount of data stored in each MLC storage unit, the structure is relatively complicated, the probability of error increases, and error correction must be performed. This action causes its performance to lag significantly behind the simple structure of SLC flash memory.
â–²Solid hard disk storage granules
In addition, the advantages of SLC flash are up to 100,000 rewrites, which is 10 times higher than MLC flash. In addition, in order to ensure the life of the MLC, the control chip verification and intelligent wear balance technology algorithm, so that the number of writes per memory unit can be evenly distributed, reaching 1 million hours of failure time interval (MTBF).
â–²Solid State Drive (SSD)
The second category, DRAM-based solid state drives, uses DRAM as the storage medium, and the current application range is narrow. It emulates the traditional hard drive design, can be volume set and managed by most operating system file system tools, and provides industry standard PCI and FC interfaces for connecting to a host or server. Application methods can be divided into SSD hard disk and SSD hard disk array. It is a high-performance memory with a long lifetime. The only drawback is the need for a separate power supply to protect data.
â–² Samsung SSD
How it works: The SSD of the MLC architecture consists of multiple MLC NAND flash granules. Most of the pages of MLC NAND flash are 4KB, one block is composed of many Pages, and one block in STEC's MLC SSD contains 128 Pages (128 Pages x 4KB/Page = 512KB/block = 0.5MB). Block is the smallest structure that can be erased, so when you write to SSD, you can write 4KB of data at a time, but when you erase data from SSD, you have to delete 512KB at a time.
â–² Samsung SSD master chip
Whenever you write data to flash, the SSD goes through the same process over and over again: creating an electric field, electrons passing through the oxide and storing the charge (recording a potential value with a register unit). Erasing data causes the same thing to happen, but in the opposite direction. The problem is that the more times an electron passes through an oxide, the weaker it becomes, and the final voltage can no longer prevent the free movement of electrons. At this time, we understand that this unit of the SSD has failed.
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